Microarray Analysis of Microbiota of Gingival Lesions in Noma Patients

Huyghe, Antoine; François, Patrice; Mombelli, Andrea; Tangomo, Manuela; Girard, Myriam; Baratti-Mayer, Denise; Bolívar, Ignacio; Pittet, Didier; Schrenzel, Jacques

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002453

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…More precisely, acute noma seems to be characterized by the diminution of Capnocytophaga and Fusobacteria genera and by the increase of Prevotella genus. 15,36,37 Indeed, Prevotella intermedia was already reported in previous studies undertaken with classical cultures. 35 Prevotella intermedia is a well-known periodontal pathogen in adults, but it has been detected also in the primary dentition of small children.…”

Section: Noma Sequelaementioning

confidence: 72%

Noma: Overview of a Neglected Disease and Human Rights Violation

Srour¹,

Marck²,

Baratti-Mayer³

2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Noma is an orofacial gangrene affecting malnourished children and mainly observed in tropical countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiological data on noma are scarce, but a current estimate of the global incidence is 30,000-40,000 cases per year, with a mortality rate of approximately 85% and a burden of disease calculated to be a loss of 1-10 million disability-adjusted life years. The etiology of noma is multifactorial with malnutrition as an ever present factor, often in combination with concomitant diseases, such as measles, malaria, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and poor oral hygiene. The pathogenesis is a fast-spreading, noncontagious gangrenous infection occurring in the face, often preceded by acute necrotizing gingivitis, and stomatitis. Rare microbiological studies suggest an opportunistic infection caused by an imbalance in normal intraoral microorganisms. Prevention lies in food security, measles vaccination, prevention of malaria and HIV, including the early detection and treatment of necrotizing gingivitis and stomatitis. Early treatment with antibiotics may prevent gangrene or reduce its extent. Late treatment consists of surgical rehabilitation, which is often complex. However, access to medical care is very limited for noma patients due to the extremely poor conditions in which they live that are frequently located in remote rural areas. The authors support the United Nations Human Rights Council Resolution 19/7 adopted on March 22, 2012 "The right to food," and advocate for the inclusion of noma on the list of neglected tropical diseases to encourage more medical and institutional attention for this often lethal or very mutilating infectious gangrene.

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Section: Noma Sequelaementioning

confidence: 72%

Noma: Overview of a Neglected Disease and Human Rights Violation

Srour¹,

Marck²,

Baratti-Mayer³

2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Less specific, in terms of infected tissues is Noma, a gangrenous disease that affects maxillary of children with compromised immune function. This is most probably a polymicrobial infection, however, it has been demonstrated that S. pyogenes and S. anginosus (among other non-streptococcal species) are more abundant in the gingival microbiota of Noma patients with acute necrotizing gingivitis compared to healthy controls ( Huyghe et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Diseases Caused By Oral Streptococcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation on a theme; an overview of the Tn916/Tn1545 family of mobile genetic elements in the oral and nasopharyngeal streptococci

2014

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The oral and nasopharyngeal streptococci are a major part of the normal microbiota in humans. Most human associated streptococci are considered commensals, however, a small number of them are pathogenic, causing a wide range of diseases including oral infections such as dental caries and periodontitis and diseases at other body sites including sinusitis and endocarditis, and in the case of Streptococcus pneumoniae, meningitis. Both phenotypic and sequence based studies have shown that the human associated streptococci from the mouth and nasopharynx harbor a large number of antibiotic resistance genes and these are often located on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) known as conjugative transposons or integrative and conjugative elements of the Tn916/Tn1545 family. These MGEs are responsible for the spread of the resistance genes between streptococci and also between streptococci and other bacteria. In this review we describe the resistances conferred by, and the genetic variations between the many different Tn916-like elements found in recent studies of oral and nasopharyngeal streptococci and show that Tn916-like elements are important mediators of antibiotic resistance genes within this genus. We will also discuss the role of the oral environment and how this is conducive to the transfer of these elements and discuss the contribution of both transformation and conjugation on the transfer and evolution of these elements in different streptococci.

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“…A recent study conducted by Hughye et al 18 contradicted the involvement of Fusobacterium necrophorum as an etiologic agent. Known periodontal pathogens like aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga, porphyromonia and fusobacteria were more prevalent in healthy samples compared to those with noma.…”

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confidence: 94%