Microbial community evolution and fate of antibiotic resistance genes in anammox process under oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole stresses

A critical review on the effects of antibiotics on anammox process in wastewater

“…However, the response of heme c content to OTC + SMX was varied: 0.5 mg/L OTC + SMX promoted the heme c content, while 1.0 mg/L OTC + SMX remarkably reduced the heme c content. These findings might be because of the higher resistance of anammox consortium to OTC + SMX than OTC and SMX (Zhang et al 2019a).…”

“…It was observed that EPS contents in anammox reactors decreased considerably at 0.1 mg/L of OTC, SMX, and OTC + SMX, then increased in the presence of 0.5 mg/L of the aforementioned antibiotics, in which the impact of OTC on EPS was greater than that of SMX and OTC + SMX, but eventually declined with 1.0 mg/L of the aforementioned antibiotics, demonstrating that the response of EPS to antibiotic interference was limited (Zhang et al 2019a).…”

“…In terms of combined toxicity, Zhang et al (2019a) showed that the SAA was inhibited when the oxytetracycline (OTC) or sulfamethoxazole (SMX) or OTC + SMX dosage was raised from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/L, in which the highest suppression of the SAA was observed at 0.5 mg/L OTC + SMX, indicating the existence of a synergistic interaction between OTC and SMX. However, as the concentrations were raised from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L, the SAA enhanced to some extent, suggesting that the anammox bacteria could tolerate higher levels of antibiotics (Zhang et al 2019a). A synergetic impact on the anammox biomass with a 90% reduction in SAA was also observed when a mixture of p-nitrophenol, o-cresol, and quinoline (8 mg/L of each substance) was applied (Ramos et al 2015).…”

“…The inhibition of anammox microorganisms by OTC + SMX was reported to be more severe than that of OTC or SMX separately, indicating a synergistic interaction between OTC and SMX (Zhang et al 2019a). The synergistic impact of tetracycline and zinc in the anammox process inhibited Planctomycetes (represented by Candidatus Kuenenia), although it still remained the dominant species.…”

Performance of Aerobic Denitrification by the Strain Pseudomonas balearica RAD-17 in the Presence of Antibiotics

“…Tetracyclines (TCs) are one of the most widely used classes of antibiotics, both for human and veterinary treatment, due to their low price, favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the width of the antibacterial spectrum [ 8 , 9 ]. Due to their low utilization rate by humans and animals, 60% to 90% of TCs enter the environment by the excrement of parent compounds or metabolites [ 10 ]. As a result, TCs have been detected in various matrices, including soil and sediment [ 8 , 11 ], sewage sludge [ 12 ], wastewater [ 13 ], surface water [ 14 ], and groundwater [ 15 , 16 ].…”