Microbial community profiling of peripheral blood in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Ellis, Jeremy E.; Missan, Dara S.; Shabilla, Matthew; Martinez, Delyn; Fry, Stephen E.

doi:10.1016/j.humic.2018.05.003

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The 16S technology used here has been mainly used to detect bacterial pathogens in blood in human patients [ 24 , 26 , 43 ]. While targeted 16S sequencing has been used previously, this is the first use of this kit to characterize the microbiome of a wild animal species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing western (Megascops kennicottii) and whiskered (M. trichopsis) screech-owl microbiomes in southern Arizona using a novel 16S rRNA sequencing method

Bartlow

Moser

Ellis³

et al. 2022

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Microbiomes are essential to a host’s physiology and health. Despite the overall importance of microbiomes to animal health, they remain understudied in wildlife. Microbiomes function as physical barriers to invading pathogens, and changes in the diversity or composition of microbes within a host may disrupt this barrier. In order to use microbiomes in wildlife ecology, knowledge of the natural variation within and among species is essential. We compare the diversity and composition of two avian species that share the same habitat and niche in our study area, the western screech-owl (Megascops kennicottii) and the whiskered screech-owl (M. trichopsis). We used a targeted 16S sequencing method to improve the taxonomic resolution of microbiomes. We found similar measures of alpha diversity between species and sample types (cloacal samples vs. fecal samples). However, there were significant differences in bacterial species richness among nestlings from different nest boxes, and the composition differed between the two bird species and among nestlings from different nest boxes. Western screech-owls had more variation in alpha diversity and composition and had fewer bacterial species in their core microbiome than whiskered screech-owls. Siblings are likely to yield similar findings for microbiomes; thus, sampling nestlings from different nests may be most informative for monitoring population-level changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subsequent FASTQ file was demultiplexed, paired-end merged, trimmed, and analyzed by the Rapid Infectious Disease Identification (RIDI) system (Fry Laboratories, LLC) [ 24 , 26 ]. Low quality and mismatching base pairs in the overlapping paired-end regions are merged in the RIDI software, keeping the highest quality consensus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing western (Megascops kennicottii) and whiskered (M. trichopsis) screech-owl microbiomes in southern Arizona using a novel 16S rRNA sequencing method

Bartlow

Moser

Ellis³

et al. 2022

anim microbiome

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“…As yet, however, there is no general agreement on changes in specific microbiota phyla/genera among reported ME/CFS studies [53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60].…”

Section: Global Research Into Me/cfs Biologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recent gut microbiome studies have found lowered microbial diversity in ME/CFS fecal samples [56,57]. Next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood samples identified a ‘multifactorial microbial component’ that correlated with a disease-severity quality of life measure in ME/CFS patients [58]. Sequencing small ribosomal subunit 16S rRNAs from the collective bacterial population indicated an increase in pro-inflammatory microbiota species and a decrease in anti-inflammatory species [56].…”

Section: Global Research Into Me/cfs Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Research Provides Insight into the Biological Basis and Diagnostic Potential for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)

et al. 2019

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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe fatigue illness that occurs most commonly following a viral infection, but other physiological triggers are also implicated. It has a profound long-term impact on the life of the affected person. ME/CFS is diagnosed primarily by the exclusion of other fatigue illnesses, but the availability of multiple case definitions for ME/CFS has complicated diagnosis for clinicians. There has been ongoing controversy over the nature of ME/CFS, but a recent detailed report from the Institute of Medicine (Academy of Sciences, USA) concluded that ME/CFS is a medical, not psychiatric illness. Importantly, aspects of the biological basis of the ongoing disease have been revealed over the last 2–3 years that promise new leads towards an effective clinical diagnostic test that may have a general application. Our detailed molecular studies with a preclinical study of ME/CFS patients, along with the complementary research of others, have reported an elevation of inflammatory and immune processes, ongoing neuro-inflammation, and decreases in general metabolism and mitochondrial function for energy production in ME/CFS, which contribute to the ongoing remitting/relapsing etiology of the illness. These biological changes have generated potential molecular biomarkers for use in diagnostic ME/CFS testing.

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“…Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) has been reported to often begin following an infection, stressful event and/or toxin exposure [307]. A study of ME/CFS patients found elevated blood Proteobacteria was part of a composite score associated with symptom severity [308]. One might speculate that this reflects increased blood PHM levels, since the phylum Proteobacteria includes diverse environmental microbes.…”

Section: Acute Infections and Post-infectious Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Post-hunter-gatherer Era Microbes Hypothesis for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Waterhouse¹

2020

Preprint

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This article proposes an extension of the hygiene hypothesis to explain chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) and their increase with westernization. Instead of emphasizing microbes that are missing/reduced due to westernization, a hypothesis is proposed that emphasizes the importance of microbes that are relatively novel. Environmental microbes encountered in association with a pre-agricultural lifestyle would presumably be the most coevolved with the human immune system and thus less likely to promote chronic disease. Post-hunter-gatherer era microbes (PHMs) are microbes that are encountered more frequently and/or at higher levels since humans ceased to live as nomadic hunter-gatherers. It is hypothesized that some PHMs, particularly those increasing with westernization, colonize human tissues and dysregulate/suppress the immune system. This hypothesized colonization of PHMs could cause allergy/hypersensitivity reactions leading to physiological stress, attacks on self-tissue, hypersensitivity reactions to similar cross-reacting environmental microbes and other allergens/antigens, greater vulnerability to diverse infections (e.g., COVID-19) and CIDs. Low-level colonization with diverse PHMs could explain high levels of comorbidities among CIDs, allergic responses to self-tissue (auto allergy), allergies to varied microbial taxa and allergen-initiated stress effects. Allergic reactions and the stress they cause might be adaptive by promoting expulsion and avoidance of potentially dangerous microbes. This is consistent with the observation that selective IgE deficiency leads to increased levels of diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media and autoimmune disease. PHMs that could be related to CIDs include microbes in tobacco smoke, increased Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus that occurs in some situations, and increased exposure to Pseudomonas fluorescens and Yersinia spp. Additionally, fungi that tolerate multiple extreme environments have been found to be more likely to be opportunistic pathogens. This might suggest that microbes associated with human-created novel and extreme environments (e.g., antibiotics, xenobiotics) would have an increased ability to colonize and persist in humans. The PHM hypothesis could help explain contradictory findings on diet, why many chronic inflammatory diseases resemble chronic infections and why stress and xenobiotics are associated with CID incidence and exacerbations. Four foundations and 11 related hypotheses are discussed. Examples discussed include sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, long-term COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease.

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Microbial community profiling of peripheral blood in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Comparing western (Megascops kennicottii) and whiskered (M. trichopsis) screech-owl microbiomes in southern Arizona using a novel 16S rRNA sequencing method

Comparing western (Megascops kennicottii) and whiskered (M. trichopsis) screech-owl microbiomes in southern Arizona using a novel 16S rRNA sequencing method

Current Research Provides Insight into the Biological Basis and Diagnostic Potential for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)

The Post-hunter-gatherer Era Microbes Hypothesis for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

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