Microbial Contributions to Heavy Metal Phytoremediation in Agricultural Soils: A Review

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a sustainable technique that employs plants to reinforce polluted environments such as agroecosystems. In recent years, new strategies involving the plant microbiome as an adjuvant in remediation processes have been reported. By leveraging this microbial assistance to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals such As, Pb, Cd, Hg, and Cr, plants can sequester, degrade, or stabilize contaminants more efficiently. Remarkably, some plant species are known for their hyper-accumulative traits in synergy with their microbial partners and can successfully mitigate heavy metal pollutants. This sustainable biotechnology based on plant–microbe associations not only aids in environmental cleanup but also enhances biodiversity, improves soil structure, and promotes plant growth and health, making it a promising solution for addressing agro-pollution challenges worldwide. The current review article emphasizes the potential of synergistic plant–microbe interactions in developing practical and sustainable solutions for heavy metal remediation in agricultural systems, which are essential for food security.