Microbial forensics: new breakthroughs and future prospects

Oliveira, Manuela; Amorim, António

doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9414-6

Cited by 93 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Not only is the cutaneous microbiome extremely diverse and highly individual but is also tightly regulated both within and between difference skin regions and stable over time. In fact, this stability over time means that individual microbial signatures or "fingerprints" have been the focus of research in forensic medicine, even allowing the identification of individuals based on the retrieval of the microbial information from surfaces the individual has touched [48].…”

Section: The Benefits Of 16s Rrna Sequencing and Metagenomic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Cutaneous Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa—Light at the End of the Microbiological Tunnel

Langan

Recke

Bokor-Billmann

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The development of next generation sequencing, coupled with advances in bio-informatics, has provided new insights into the role of the cutaneous microbiome in the pathophysiology of a range of inflammatory skin diseases. In fact, it has even been suggested that the identification of specific skin microbial signatures may not only be useful in terms of diagnosis of skin diseases but they may also ultimately help inform personalised treatment strategies. To date, research investigating the role of microbiota in the development of inflammatory skin diseases has largely focused on atopic eczema and psoriasis vulgaris. The role of the microbiome in Hidradenits suppurativa (HS)-also known as acne inversa-a chronic auto-inflammatory skin disease associated with significant morbidity, has received comparatively little attention. This is despite the fact that antimicrobial therapy plays a central role in the treatment of HS. After briefly outlining the clinical features of HS and current treatment strategies, we move on to review the evidence of microbial dysbiosis in HS pathophysiology. We conclude by outlining the potential for metagenomic studies to deepen our understanding of HS biology but more importantly to identify novel and much needed treatment strategies.scoring and the HS severity index. Whilst the precise incidence and prevalence of HS is unclear [8], due partly to the diagnostic difficulty associated with HS and the use of both registry data and self-report questionnaires [9]. Garg et al. reported a prevalence of 0.1% in a US-based population analysis, leading the authors to conclude that HS is an uncommon but not rare disease, with over-representation in young, female and African American patients [10]. The current multi-modal treatment approach includes the use of intralesional steroids, surgical and laser therapy, topical and systemic medical antimicrobial therapy and biologic treatments [11].Sartorius scoring and the HS severity index. Whilst the precise incidence and prevalence of HS is unclear [8], due partly to the diagnostic difficulty associated with HS and the use of both registry data and self-report questionnaires [9]. Garg et al. reported a prevalence of 0.1% in a US-based population analysis, leading the authors to conclude that HS is an uncommon but not rare disease, with over-representation in young, female and African American patients [10]. The current multi-modal treatment approach includes the use of intralesional steroids, surgical and laser therapy, topical and systemic medical antimicrobial therapy and biologic treatments [11].

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Section: The Benefits Of 16s Rrna Sequencing and Metagenomic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Cutaneous Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa—Light at the End of the Microbiological Tunnel

Langan

Recke

Bokor-Billmann

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…MiRNA is more stable and has greater discriminatory potential than mRNA, and its profiling is attracting more attention in forensic science [474]. Additionally, sequencing-based microbial forensics contributes to human identification, geolocation, postmortem interval estimation and bioterrorism defense [475]. Notably, microfluidic devices have been designed for forensic analysis with merits of reduced risk of contamination, shortened analysis time and supporting POCT [476].…”

Section: Forensic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acids Analysis

et al. 2020

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In recent years, multi-modal entity linking (MEL) has garnered increasing attention in the research community due to its significance in numerous multi-modal applications. Video, as a popular means of information transmission, has become prevalent in people's daily lives. However, most existing MEL methods primarily focus on linking textual and visual mentions or offline videos's mentions to entities in multi-modal knowledge bases, with limited efforts devoted to linking mentions within online video content. In this paper, we propose a task called Online Video Entity Linking (OVEL), aiming to establish connections between mentions in online videos and a knowledge base with high accuracy and timeliness. To facilitate the research works of OVEL, we specifically concentrate on live delivery scenarios and construct a live delivery entity linking dataset called LIVE. Besides, we propose an evaluation metric that considers timelessness, robustness, and accuracy. Furthermore, to effectively handle OVEL task, we leverage a memory block managed by a Large Language Model and retrieve entity candidates from the knowledge base to augment LLM performance on memory management. The experimental results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.

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“…The technological advances in viral detection extending from culture, immunofluorescence, and ELISA tests to Nucleic acid detection [20] , [25] has provided better knowledge as to the viruses causing infection in SUDI (and controls). So far, papers have demonstrated a wide variety of viruses isolated from SUDI/SIDS cases (adenoviruses, RSV, parainfluenza, influenza A, rhinovirus, bocavirus, EBV, HHV6, CMV, VZV, Rubella, etc.)…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

SIDS, prone sleep position and infection: An overlooked epidemiological link in current SIDS research? Key evidence for the “Infection Hypothesis”

Goldwater

2020

Medical Hypotheses

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Mainstream researchers explain the etiology of SIDS with the cardiorespiratory paradigm. This has been the focus of intense study for many decades without providing consistent supporting data to link CNS findings to epidemiological risk factors or to the usual clinicopathological findings. Despite this, and the apparent oversight of the link between prone sleep position and respiratory infection, papers citing CNS, cardiac and sleep arousal findings continue to be published. Discovery of the prone sleep position risk factor provided tangential support for the cardiorespiratory control hypothesis which defines the mainstream approach. Despite many decades of research and huge expenditure, no aetiological answer has been forthcoming. In asking why?This paper exposes some of the shortcomings regarding this apparent oversight by mainstream SIDS researchers and examines the role of respiratory infection and puts the case for the “Infection Hypothesis.” In addition, the paper provides encouragement to neuropathologists to examine the potential link between CNS findings and cardiac function (as opposed to respiratory function) in relation to infection and to examine possible correlates between CNS findings and established risk factors such as recent infection, contaminated sleeping surfaces, maternal/obstetric/higher birth, ethnicity, non-breast-feeding, male gender, etc. or with the usual gross pathological findings of SIDS (intrathoracic petechial hemorrhages, liquid blood, congested lungs). The shortcomings exposed through this review invite questions over current research directions and hopefully encourage research into other more plausible hypotheses, such as the infection paradigm. Mainstream SIDS researchers appear to have overlooked the key relationship between prone sleep position and infection. This omission has major implications for current and future SIDS research.

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Microbial forensics: new breakthroughs and future prospects

Cited by 93 publications

References 161 publications

The Role of the Cutaneous Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa—Light at the End of the Microbiological Tunnel

The Role of the Cutaneous Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa—Light at the End of the Microbiological Tunnel

Nucleic Acids Analysis

SIDS, prone sleep position and infection: An overlooked epidemiological link in current SIDS research? Key evidence for the “Infection Hypothesis”

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