“…The last and less common oxidation state of As, -III, is encountered in arsenides which are crystalline binary compounds formed with cations (Na + , Ga + , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ …) and the gaseous arsine, AsH3. Therefore, the redox state of the environment and the microbial metabolism influence the speciation and bioavailability of As and, consequently, the contamination level of water and soil (Zhu et al 2014;Raturi et al 2023).…”