Microbiological Activity in the Soil of Various Agricultural Crops in Organic Production

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the microbial activity and the number of different groups of microorganisms in the soil under organic agricultural systems.A range of analyses was conducted on soil samples taken from calcareous chernozem soils managed under organic (7 sites) and conventional agricultural systems (1 site). Laboratory measurements were performed in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad. The total number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, aminoheterotrophs and azotobacters was determined using the dilution method. Soil dehydrogenase activity was measured spectrophotometrically.The greatest number of the Azotobacter sp. bacteria was recorded in the soil devoted to pumpkins (132.61 × 10 2 ) and in the soil devoted to apples (126.39 × 10 2 ). The greatest number of aminoheterotrophs (1786.05 x10 6 ) and the total number of bacteria (1370.82 x 10 6 ) and actinomycetes (235.45 × 10 4 ) were determined in the soil devoted to carrots. Fungi were more abounded in the soil devoted to chard (36.82 ×10 4 ) than in the soil devoted to other plants. The research results show that the soil devoted to wheat in organic production indicated a greater number of aminoheterotrophs, total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, whereas only the number of Azotobacter sp. was greater in the soil devoted to wheat in the conventional agricultural system. The highest dehydrogenase activity level was determined in the soil devoted to radishes, whereas the lowest dehydrogenase activity level was determined in the soil devoted to apples.

Soil Microbial Communities and Enzyme Activities after Long-Term Application of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers at Different Depths of the Soil Profile

“…Soil is a very complex system in which plants and microorganisms collaborate to obtain sources of water and nutrients. These forms of life cooperate with one another and, together with soil, they create continually changing conditions [6]. Microbial biomass is the main living part of soil organic material which is responsible for maintaining and improving soil quality [7].…”

Comparison of the Effects of Different Crop Production Systems on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Microbial Activity under Winter Wheat

“…Soil dehydrogenase activity (DH) is usually closely related to all microbial communities and reflects their oxidative activity, also defining the metabolic potential of soil microorganisms, as well as soil quality and fertility [77,78]. In our study, the DH activity, differentiated significantly, considered soil treatment at p ≤ 0.05 (Figure 8).…”