Microbiological, lipid and immunological profiles in children with gingivitis and type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, systemic inflammatory mediators and lipid profiles in type 1 diabetes children (DM) with those observed in children without diabetes (NDM), both with gingivitis.Material and methods Twenty-four DM children and twenty-seven NDM controls were evaluated. The periodontal status, glycemic and lipid profiles were determined for both groups. Subgingival samples of periodontal sites were collected to determine the prevalence of periodontal microorganisms by PCR. Blood samples were collected for IL-1-β, TNF-α and IL-6 analysis using ELISA kits.Results Periodontal conditions of DM and NDM patients were similar, without statistical differences in periodontal indices. When considering patients with gingivitis, all lipid parameters evaluated were highest in the DM group; Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga ochracea were more prevalent in the periodontal sites of DM children. “Red complex” bacteria were detected in few sites of DM and NDM groups. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Campylobacter rectus were frequently found in both groups. Similar levels of IL-1-β, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected in DM and NDM children.Conclusion Clinical and immunological profiles are similar between DM and NDM children. The presence of Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga ochracea were associated with gingivitis in DM children.

Dental caries and periodontal status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…significant differences in the periodontal health condition between the WC, PC, and GC groups. Similar results regarding the GI index were obtained by Duque et al [7] and Ismail et al [17]. Rafatjou et al obtained significantly higher GI index values in children with T1DM compared to those in non-diabetic children [15].…”

“…The evaluation criteria were as follows: 0 -no plaque; 1 -thin layer of plaque adhering to the gingival margin and tooth neck found by a probe but invisible to the unaided eye; 2 -moderate plaque accumulation on the edge of the gum and/or on the tooth surface and in the gingival pocket visible with the unaided eye; and 3 -thick accumulation of plaques in the pocket and/or the edge of the gum and tooth surface. Values obtained from all tooth surfaces were summed and divided by four [7].…”

“…Periodontal disease is a group of disorders that affects the tissue structures supporting the teeth (gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone) [7]. The dominant form of periodontal disease among children and adults is gingivitis.…”

Does Periodontal Inflammation Affect Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence? A Meta-Analysis

“…After the initial screening of titles and abstracts, a total of 63 articles were discarded, leaving 41 articles for retrieval. Full text assessment of these articles resulted in 10 eligible articles that met our inclusion criteria (38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Figure 1 displays the process of selection studies.…”

Periodontal risk markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Exclusion by title occurred before the full text for a total of 149 articles were retrieved and reviewed, of which 126 did not meet the inclusion criteria (Supporting Information Appendix 4). Overall, 23 articles were included in our meta‐analysis 20‐42 . These articles were grouped based on the type of periodontal disease markers evaluated: 20 articles included PI, 18 included GI, 12 articles measured BOP, 8 articles included PD and 7 measured CAL.…”