Microbiological quality of raw donkey milk from Campania Region

Sarno, Eleonora; Santoro, A.; Palo, R. Di; Costanzo, Nicola

doi:10.4081/ijas.2012.e49

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Nevertheless, undesirable species bacteria, such as Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and coliforms, have been also detected in DM (Pilla et al, 2010;Sarno et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…DM is also known to contain high concentration of lysozyme, if compared to other mammalian milks. Donkey's lysozyme, similarly to cow's, displays antibacterial activity against a vast number of bacteria (Conte, Foti, Malvisi, Giacopello, & Piccinini, 2012;Zhang, Zhao, Jiang, Dong, & Ren, 2008;Šarić et al, 2012), affecting directly the composition of the milk microbiome (Sarno, Santoro, Di Palo, & Costanzo, 2012). Very recently, it has been shown that the addition of jenny milk during cheese-making reduced the number of coliforms in the resulting cheese (Cosentino, Freschi, Paolino, & Valentini, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low bacterial counts are generally reported in DM, in comparison to milk and dairy products from other animals (Pilla, Daprà, Zecconi, & Piccinini, 2010;Salimei et al, 2004;Sarno et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy

et al. 2015

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There is a growing interest in donkey's milk as food for sensitive consumers, such as infants with cow's milk protein allergy and elderly people. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey on the dairy donkeys farming in Piedmont, Italy. The research was conducted in order to analyze the farm characteristics as well as the chemical and microbiological quality of milk. All the farms were small-sized, family-run, and, in most cases, animals were farmed semi-extensively. The donkey milk from Piedmont farms was characterized by a protein content around 1.5 g/100 mL and a fat content lower than 0.1 g/100 mL. Lysozyme activity was considerably higher than that reported in raw cow milk. The milk microbiological profile greatly differed among the farms. Milk sampled in the farm that performed hand milking showed total viable counts significantly lower than milk collected in the farms equipped with automatic milking. Samples were tested for several pathogens and negative results were observed, except for the detection of B. cereus in one sample. The survey provided useful data for the laying down of recent regional regulation for the production and commercialization of donkey's milk. The results of the survey indicate that further research is needed in order to define the best management and nutritional strategies for the improvement of the quali-quantitative production of dairy donkeys.

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“…Nevertheless, undesirable species bacteria, such as Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and coliforms, have been also detected in DM (Pilla et al, 2010;Sarno et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy

et al. 2015

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“…It is recognised that only few Regions adopt a specific legislation for producing and selling donkey milk (5,22,23). Furthermore, little information is available on the best solutions for donkey milk processing (24,25,26) and more studies are needed to clarify how these procedures modify milk properties in terms of nutritional value, food safety, and organoleptic characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Practices and Milk Production in Dairy Donkey Farms Distributed Over the Italian Territory

Dai

Segati

Costa

et al. 2017

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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Limited information is available about the actual management characteristics of dairy donkeys in Southern Europe. The aim of the present study is to describe animal management of dairy donkey farms in Italy. Twelve farmers were asked to answer a questionnaire on the management of their animals and their farms distributed over the Italian territory. Six farms grouped their animals in paddocks according to the production characteristics (e.g. lactating, dry, stallions); three farms housed the stallions in single boxes. Most of the visited farms were family run and the number of animals cared for by a single person varied from five to 103 animals. All the farms but one performed mechanical milking with a modified goat milkmaid. Vaccinations were regularly performed only on two farms. All the foals received colostrum and suckled from their own mothers. Foals were nursed by their mother until 6-12 months old. During the separation period before milking, foals were usually (83%) housed in paddocks near their mothers with the possibility of visual and/or tactile contact, however such separations could be for up to 12 hours (17%). Even though the assessed sample was small, considerable differences were seen between farms, likely due to lack of uniform information available for the farmers. The adoption of scientific based procedures is suggested in order to improve both animal welfare and milk quality.

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“…Data from literature indicate bacterial counts for goat's milk of between 2.51 × 10 4 and 3.9 × 10 5 CFU/mL . By contrast, the milk from horses and donkeys generally has a lower bacterial count than milk from cows (Sarno et al, 2012). Bacterial counts of 5.2 × 10 3 CFU/mL have been reported in raw milk from dromedary camels (Nagy et al, 2013).…”

Section: Total Bacterial Count (Tbc) In Raw Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

report¹

2015

EFSA Journal

120

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Raw drinking milk (RDM) has a diverse microbial flora which can include pathogens transmissible to humans. The main microbiological hazards associated with RDM from cows, sheep and goats, horses and donkeys and camels were identified using a decision tree approach. This considered evidence of milk-borne infection and the hazard being present in the European Union (EU), the impact of the hazard on human health and whether there was evidence for RDM as an important risk factor in the EU. The main hazards were Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis and tick-borne encephalitis virus, and there are clear links between drinking raw milk and human illness associated with these hazards. A quantitative microbiological risk assessment for these hazards could not be undertaken because country and EU-wide data are limited. Antimicrobial resistance has been reported in several EU countries in some of the main bacterial hazards isolated from raw milk or associated equipment and may be significant for public health. Sale of RDM through vending machines is permitted in some EU countries, although consumers purchasing such milk are usually instructed to boil the milk before consumption, which would eliminate microbiological risks. With respect to internet sales of RDM, there is a need for microbiological, temperature and storage time data to assess the impact of this distribution route. Intrinsic contamination of RDM with pathogens can arise from animals with systemic infection as well as from localised infections such as mastitis. Extrinsic contamination can arise from faecal contamination and from the wider farm environment. It was not possible to rank control options as no single step could be identified which would significantly reduce risk relative to a baseline of expected good practice, although potential for an increase in risk was also noted. Improved risk communication to consumers is recommended. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk (RDM). In particular, the BIOHAZ Panel was requested to identify the main microbiological hazards of public health significance that may occur in RDM from different animal species, to assess the public health risk arising from the consumption of RDM, to assess the likelihood of RDM being a significant source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/resistance genes, to assess the additional risks associated with the sale of RDM through vending machines and via the internet and to identify and rank potential control options to reduce public health risks arising from consumption of RDM.According to European Union (EU) legislation, "raw milk" is defined as milk produced by the secretion of the mammary gland of farmed animals that has not been heated to more than 40 °C or undergone any treatment that has an e...

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Microbiological quality of raw donkey milk from Campania Region

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy

A survey on the milk chemical and microbiological quality in dairy donkey farms located in NorthWestern Italy

Management Practices and Milk Production in Dairy Donkey Farms Distributed Over the Italian Territory

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

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