Microbiome and bile acid profiles in duodenal aspirates from patients with liver cirrhosis: The Microbiome, Microbial Markers and Liver Disease Study

Jacobs, Jonathan P.; Dong, Tien S.; Agopian, Vatche G.; Lagishetty, Venu; Sundaram, Vinay; Noureddin, Mazen; Ayoub, Walid; Durazo, Francisco; Benhammou, Jihane N.; Enayati, Pedram; Elashoff, David; Goodman, Marc T.; Pisegna, Joseph R.; Hussain, Shehnaz K.

doi:10.1111/hepr.13207

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Through the portal vein that connects the liver to the gastrointestinal tract, the liver is exposed to the influence of the gut microbiome. Perturbations of the gut microbiome, coupled with disturbances in gut barrier function, have been associated with common liver disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [138][139][140], non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [139,[141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152], alcoholic liver disease [139,140,142,145,147,148,150,151,[153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164], and liver cirrhosis [165][166][167][168][169][170]. Thus, the microbiome serves as a modulator of liver rhythmic functions.…”

Section: Liver Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk

2019

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Host–microbiome interactions constitute key determinants of host physiology, while their dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases. The microbiome undergoes diurnal variation in composition and function, and this in turn drives oscillations in host gene expression and functions. In this review, we discuss the newest developments in understanding circadian host–microbiome interplays, and how they may be relevant in health and disease contexts. We summarize the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiome influences host function in a diurnal manner, and inversely describe how the host orchestrates circadian rhythmicity of the microbiome. Furthermore, we highlight the future perspectives and challenges in studying this new and exciting facet of host–microbiome interactions. Finally, we illustrate how the elucidation of the microbiome chronobiology may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches.

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Section: Liver Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk

2019

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“…Changes in BA pool composition have been found in ALD patients, suggesting that FXR activation may be decreased . The role of gut microbiota in controlling BA pool composition has also been recognized, as Bas and gut microbiota have a reciprocal relationship . Indeed, on the one hand, BAs shape the intestinal microbiome through direct antimicrobial effects and FXR‐induced production of antimicrobial peptides; and on the other hand, gut microbiota modify the BA pool composition through defined enzymatic activities (such as deconjugation, dihydroxylation, oxidation, and epimerization, among others) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol‐related liver disease: Current concepts and perspectives

Arab

Arrese

Shah

2020

Hepatology Research

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The term, gut-liver axis, is used to highlight the close anatomical and functional relationship between the intestine and the liver. It has been increasingly recognized that the gut-liver axis plays an essential role in the development and progression of liver disease. In particular, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease, the two most common causes of chronic liver disease, a dysbiotic gut microbiota can influence intestinal permeability, allowing some pathogens or bacteriaderived factors from the gut reaching the liver through the enterohepatic circulation contributing to liver injury, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis progression. Pathways involved are multiple, including changes in bile acid metabolism, intestinal ethanol production, generation of short-chain fatty acids, and other by-products. Bile acids act through dedicated bile acid receptors, farnesoid X receptor and TGR5, in both the ileum and the liver, influencing lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. Currently, both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease lack effective therapies, and therapeutic targeting of gut microbiota and bile acids enterohepatic circulation holds promise. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease, as well as the relevance of microbiota or bile acid-based approaches in the management of those liver diseases.

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“…The available literature on Prevotella in liver disease shows inconsistent results: In duodenal aspirates of patients with ethanol-related cirrhosis, Prevotella was decreased compared to patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. 26 With respect to chronic ethanol consumption, Prevotella was also decreased in stool samples of cirrhotics but not in alcohol-dependent subjects without cirrhosis. 27 In contrast, ethanol consumption increased Prevotella in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Intestinal and hepatic microbiota changes associated with chronic ethanol administration in mice

et al. 2019

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Alcohol-induced liver disease is closely related to translocation of bacterial products and bacteria from the intestine to the liver. However, it is not known whether bacterial translocation to the liver depends on certain intestinal microbiota changes that would predispose bacteria to translocate to the liver. In this study, we investigated the microbiota in the jejunum, ileum, cecum, feces and liver of mice subjected to chronic ethanol feeding using a Lieber DeCarli diet model of chronic ethanol feeding for 8 weeks. We demonstrate that chronic ethanol administration changes alpha diversity in the ileum and the liver and leads to compositional changes especially in the ileum. This is largely driven by an increase in gram-negative phylathe source of endotoxins. Moreover, gram-negative Prevotella not only increased in the mucus layer of the ileum but also in liver samples. These results suggest that bacterial translocation to the liver might be associated with microbiota changes in the distal gastrointestinal tract.

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Microbiome and bile acid profiles in duodenal aspirates from patients with liver cirrhosis: The Microbiome, Microbial Markers and Liver Disease Study

Abstract: Microbial profiles of duodenal aspirates differed by cirrhosis etiology, HE, and Hispanic ethnicity.

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk

Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk

Gut microbiota in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol‐related liver disease: Current concepts and perspectives

Intestinal and hepatic microbiota changes associated with chronic ethanol administration in mice

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