Microbiota Manipulation With Prebiotics and Probiotics in Patients Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation

Andermann, Tessa M.; Rezvani, Andrew R.; Bhatt, Ami S.

doi:10.1007/s11899-016-0302-9

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The beneficial effects of enteral feeding may be related to the prebiotic properties of fiber from select fruits and vegetables . Prebiotics are indigestible carbohydrate that is fermented by colonic flora or commensals to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate that are utilized as an energy source by and promote the health of the human enterocyte .…”

Section: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Allogeneic Hsctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in intestinal microbiota and their effects on allogeneic stem cell transplantation

2017

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The human intestinal microbiota is essential for microbial homeostasis, regulation of metabolism, and intestinal immune tolerance. Rapidly evolving understanding of the importance of the microbiota implicates changes in the composition and function of intestinal microbial communities in an assortment of systemic conditions. Complications following allogeneic stem cell transplant now join the ever-expanding list of pathologic states regulated by intestinal microbiota. Dysbiosis, or disruption of the normal ecology of this microbiome, has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of entities such as Clostridium difficile infections, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and most recently disease relapse, all of which are major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant. In this review, we elucidate the key origins of microbiotic alterations and discuss how dysbiosis influences complications following allogeneic stem cell transplant. Our emerging understanding of the importance of a balanced and diverse intestinal microbiota is prompting investigation into the appropriate treatment of dysbiosis, reliable and early detection of such, and ultimately its prevention in patients to improve the outcome following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

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Section: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Allogeneic Hsctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in intestinal microbiota and their effects on allogeneic stem cell transplantation

2017

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“…Among these, Clostridium difficile is the most common. The emergence of the NAP1/027 strain of C. difficile over the first decade of the twenty-first century has been associated with more severe infection [11, 12]. Recent data reveal that C. difficile has surpassed Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) to become the most prevalent nosocomial infection in community hospitals in certain regions of the United States [13].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent literature show CDI rates among SCT recipients are up to nine times higher than in the general inpatient population [11, 12]. A study by Jain et al found that 12 percent of patients admitted to their institution for SCT were colonized with toxigenic C. difficile [14].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal dysbiosis and allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation

2016

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The intestinal microbiota is a diverse and dynamic ecosystem that is increasingly understood to play a vital role in human health. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients undergo prolonged exposure to antimicrobials, chemotherapeutic agents, and immunosuppressants, resulting in profound shifts in the gut microbiome. A growing body of research has revealed the ways in which these microbiologic shifts shape immune modulation, affecting susceptibility to infections and graft-versus-host disease, the two major post-transplant complications in this population. As transplant medicine becomes increasingly personalized, the potential for microbiome-modulating treatments holds immense potential. Strategies to preserve the intestinal microbiota, including targeted antibiotics, prebiotics and probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant could mitigate some of the microbiologic shifts in stem cell transplant recipients, and reduce the incidence of peri-transplant morbidity and mortality.

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“…Prophylactic use of antibiotics has been to prevent the potential risk of infection postoperatively as pre-and perioperative antibiotics have been found to lower the infection rate [26]. To assist the recolonization of the microbiota, it is recommended to use pre-and probiotics [28].…”

Section: General Surgery Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Treatment and Nutritional Deficiencies

Schloss¹

2016

Nutritional Deficiency

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Increasing cancer incidence and improved survival rates have seen the number of cancer survivors increase exponentially throughout the last few decades. As a consequence of this, cancer survivors may experience a number of permanent side effects from their cancer or the treatment. Traditionally, patient follow-up has been undertaken by oncological specialists with a major focus on possible cancer reoccurrence however, this fails to identify or adequately address many patients concerns regarding post-cancer treatment. For a majority of patients, nutrition during treatment and post-cancer diagnosis and treatment is an area they can control and change for their own health and well-being. The following chapter addresses nutrient deficiencies associated with certain cancers, chemotherapy agents, radiation and surgical procedures. Potential treatment protocols for different oncological stages post diagnosis are explored and conditions that may induce nutrient deficiencies and how they can be treated or decreased are explained.Keywords: chemotherapy, radiation, cancer survivorship, nutrient deficiencies, wellbeing . IntroductionIncreasing cancer incidence and improved survival rates have seen the number of cancer survivor s increase exponentially throughout the last few decades. As a consequence of this, cancer survivors may experience a number of permanent side effects from their cancer or the treatment [ ]. Traditionally, patient follow-up has been undertaken by oncological specialists © 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. with a major focus on possible cancer reoccurrence however, this fails to identify or adequately address many patients concerns regarding post-cancer treatment. For a majority of patients, nutrition during treatment and post-cancer diagnosis and treatment is an area they can control and change for their own health and well-being. However, Zhang[ ] published a study indicating that cancer survivors are usually motivated to improve their health but were found to have suboptimal diets. She examined the dietary intake of cancer survivors and individuals who had never had cancer. The researcher estimated the quality of the diets using the Health Eating Index, which is based on the United States government s Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The scores ranged from to , with indicating no adherence to which is total adherence. After adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity, Zhang found that the group who had not had cancer had an average index of . and the cancer survivors on average indexed . . It was found that cancer survivors in general from this population ate less fibre, more empty calories and more refined sugars and fats. In addition, they examined patients who had different types of cancer and found that those who had breast cancer had th...

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Microbiota Manipulation With Prebiotics and Probiotics in Patients Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation

Cited by 59 publications

References 99 publications

Changes in intestinal microbiota and their effects on allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Changes in intestinal microbiota and their effects on allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Intestinal dysbiosis and allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation

Cancer Treatment and Nutritional Deficiencies

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