Microcirculation and micromorphology of healthy and inflamed gingivae

Abstract

Inflammation changes the microcirculatory and micromorphological dynamics of human gingiva. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and a replica technique for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the facial soft tissues of six maxillary anterior teeth, before and after treatment, in 12 patients exhibiting clinically healthy tissues and in 12 others with moderate gingivitis. All patients received oral hygiene instructions and scaling. The gingiva in the gingivitis group became healthy within 3 months after treatment. LDF results were recorded at the free gingivae, interdental gingivae, attached gingivae, and alveolar mucosae of the six maxillary anterior teeth. The gingival blood flows in the gingivitis group before treatment were significantly different from those in the healthy gingiva group. Flows were restored to the same level as the healthy gingiva, with no significant difference, at P > 0.01, 3 months after treatment. However, there were significant differences among sites during the same period. In addition, blood flow was reduced to a normal level after the inflammation subsided. Initially, the gingival morphology of the inflamed sites exhibited irregular free gingival margins, in contrast to that of healthy gingivae, which were characterized by rounded margins closely adapted to the tooth. One month post-treatment, the gingivae exhibited a wrinkled appearance, but they had reverted to normal micromorphology by 3 months post-treatment. The replica impression technique can be used to record gingival micromorphology both before and after reduction of inflammation.

Laser Doppler Flowmetry Evaluation of the Microcirculation in Dentistry

“…This is also true for gingivitis [69]. The healthy gingiva is characterizes by a sub-epithelial vascular plexus consisting of a capillary network with loops arching towards the epithelium [70].…”

Incision design in implant dentistry based on vascularization of the mucosa

“…The anatomic principle of the vascular territories referred to in the literature under the term 'angiosomes' (Taylor & Palmer 1987;Houseman et al 2000). Evaluations of the vascularization of specific areas of the oral mucosa have also been carried out (Kindlova & Scheinin 1968;Mö rmann & Ciancio 1977;Piehslinger et al 1991;Bavitz et al 1994;Kerdvongbundit et al 2003) but only few studies have referred to total assessment and a subdivision into angiosomes (Whetzel & Saunders 1997).…”

In vitro evaluation of polymeric formulations designed for use in alveolar osteitis

“…The experiment was conducted in a closed system at 37 ± 0.5°C; the medium [100 mL of phosphate‐buffered dissolution medium (phosphate‐buffered saline) at pH 7.35] was circulated and was not replaced with a fresh solution. The parameters of the experiment were adjusted to the conditions measured in periodontium with laser Doppler flowmetry . The absorbance and accumulated drug concentration was assayed online at a λ of 262 nm with a Thermo Scientific Evolution 300 ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer with the computer program VisionPro (Spectro‐Lab Warsaw, Poland) in a flow quartz cuvette (Starna Scientific, Ltd., type 71/Q/10, Material Spectrosil, path length = 10 mm).…”