Microcirculation of the brain: morphological assessment in degenerative diseases and restoration processes

Kolinko, Yaroslav; Krakorova, Kristyna; Cendelín, Jan; Tonar, Zbyněk; Králíčková, Milena

doi:10.1515/revneuro-2014-0049

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…The proportion of our subjects with abnormal retinal blood vessel number (29%) is similar to the proportion reported to have retinal blood vessel changes at autopsy (20%) [16] and observed clinically (16%) [36]. Furthermore, retinal phlebitis has been reported to correlate with MS activity, but not RGC loss, which is similar in pattern to the associations we found for retinal blood vessel number and total diameter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Non-RGC associated retinal changes have also been demonstrated in MS, including qualitative involvement of retinal blood vessels (BVs) in MS. Published data include histopathologic evidence for vascular inflammation in 20% of subjects in a post mortem series [16] and clinical evidence of retinal phlebitis in 16% of patients [17]. These changes, as well as other structural retinal changes such as microcystic macular edema of the retinal inner nuclear layer [18], and thinning of non-ganglion cell retinal layers [19], seem to be independent from MS effects on the RGCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of retinal blood vessel changes in multiple sclerosis with optical coherence tomography

Bhaduri

Nolan

Shelton

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Although retinal vasculitis is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), it is not known if MS is associated with quantitative abnormalities in retinal blood vessels (BVs). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is suitable for examining the integrity of the anterior visual pathways in MS.In this paper we have compared the size and number of retinal blood vessels in patients with MS, with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON), and control subjects from the cross-sectional retinal images from OCT. Blood vessel diameter (BVD), blood vessel number (BVN), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL T ) were extracted from OCT images collected from around the optic nerves of 129 eyes (24 control, 24 MS + ON, 81 MS-ON) of 71 subjects. Associations between blood vessel metrics, MS diagnosis, MS disability, ON, and RNFL T were evaluated using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. MS eyes had a lower total BVD and BVN than control eyes. The effect was more pronounced with increased MS disability, and persisted in multivariate models adjusting for RNFL T and ON history. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of MS subjects had fewer retinal blood vessels than all control subjects. MS diagnosis, disability, and ON history were not associated with average blood vessel size. The relationship between MS and lower total BVD/BVN is not accounted for by RNFL T or ON. Further study is needed to determine the relationship between OCT blood vessel metrics and qualitative retinal blood vessel abnormalities in MS. Huang, "Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic nerve head and parafovea in multiple sclerosis," Br. J. Ophthalmol. 98(10),

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of retinal blood vessel changes in multiple sclerosis with optical coherence tomography

Bhaduri

Nolan

Shelton

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…Therefore, in this context, we suggest, from our findings, that the differential expression of CD31 and vWF may contribute to specific sensitivity of some brain regions resulting in microvascular pathological changes. Differential expression of the endothelial biomarker between the grey matter and white matter can be attributed to the heterogeneity of biochemical and structural composition of the blood brain barrier including the CMVECs [8,34]. In silico and in vitro studies associated the difference in the expression of BBB-related molecules between the white matter and grey matter with the heterogeneity in CMVECs [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure the regulation of the local blood supply, CMVECs interact with other cells through paracrine signaling pathways to balance the distribution of oxygen and glucose. This suggests that the differences in the BBB in different regions of the brain could affect a localized functioning of the neural circuitry [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of CD31 and Von Willebrand Factor on Endothelial Cells in Different Regions of the Human Brain: Potential Implications for Cerebral Malaria Pathogenesis

Mbagwu

Filgueira

2020

Brain Sciences

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Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) line the vascular system of the brain and are the chief cells in the formation and function of the blood brain barrier (BBB). These cells are heterogeneous along the cerebral vasculature and any dysfunctional state in these cells can result in a local loss of function of the BBB in any region of the brain. There is currently no report on the distribution and variation of the CMVECs in different brain regions in humans. This study investigated microcirculation in the adult human brain by the characterization of the expression pattern of brain endothelial cell markers in different brain regions. Five different brain regions consisting of the visual cortex, the hippocampus, the precentral gyrus, the postcentral gyrus, and the rhinal cortex obtained from three normal adult human brain specimens were studied and analyzed for the expression of the endothelial cell markers: cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and von-Willebrand-Factor (vWF) through immunohistochemistry. We observed differences in the expression pattern of CD31 and vWF between the gray matter and the white matter in the brain regions. Furthermore, there were also regional variations in the pattern of expression of the endothelial cell biomarkers. Thus, this suggests differences in the nature of vascularization in various regions of the human brain. These observations also suggest the existence of variation in structure and function of different brain regions, which could reflect in the pathophysiological outcomes in a diseased state.

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“…Neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by microvascular changes in the affected tissue that in some cases are just secondary, while in other cases they may play a distinct role in the pathogenesis of the degeneration (Kolinko et al, 2015 ). Furthermore, the abnormal density of microvessels might positively or negatively influence the regenerative potential of the tissue and may also potentially influence the treatment efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smaller Absolute Quantities but Greater Relative Densities of Microvessels Are Associated with Cerebellar Degeneration in Lurcher Mice

et al. 2016

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Degenerative affections of nerve tissues are often accompanied by changes of vascularization. In this regard, not much is known about hereditary cerebellar degeneration. In this study, we compared the vascularity of the individual cerebellar components and the mesencephalon of 3-month-old wild type mice (n = 5) and Lurcher mutant mice, which represent a model of hereditary olivocerebellar degeneration (n = 5). Paraformaldehyde-fixed brains were processed into 18-μm thick serial sections with random orientation. Microvessels were visualized using polyclonal rabbit anti-laminin antibodies. Then, the stacks comprised of three 5-μm thick optical sections were recorded using systematic uniform random sampling. Stereological assessment was conducted based on photo-documentation. We found that each of the cerebellar components has its own features of vascularity. The greatest number and length of vessels were found in the granular layer; the number of vessels was lower in the molecular layer, and the lowest number of vessels was observed in the cerebellar nuclei corresponding with their low volume. Nevertheless, the nuclei had the greatest density of blood vessels. The reduction of cerebellum volume in the Lurcher mice was accompanied by a reduction in vascularization in the individual cerebellar components, mainly in the cortex. Moreover, despite the lower density of microvessels in the Lurcher mice compared with the wild type mice, the relative density of microvessels in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei was greater in Lurcher mice. The complete primary morphometric data, in the form of continuous variables, is included as a supplement. Mapping of the cerebellar and midbrain microvessels has explanatory potential for studies using mouse models of neurodegeneration.

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Microcirculation of the brain: morphological assessment in degenerative diseases and restoration processes

Cited by 23 publications

References 191 publications

Detection of retinal blood vessel changes in multiple sclerosis with optical coherence tomography

Detection of retinal blood vessel changes in multiple sclerosis with optical coherence tomography

Differential Expression of CD31 and Von Willebrand Factor on Endothelial Cells in Different Regions of the Human Brain: Potential Implications for Cerebral Malaria Pathogenesis

Smaller Absolute Quantities but Greater Relative Densities of Microvessels Are Associated with Cerebellar Degeneration in Lurcher Mice

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