Microcontinent formation around Australia

Gaina, Carmen; Müller, R. Dietmar; Brown, B. J.; Ishihara, Takemi

doi:10.1130/0-8137-2372-8.405

Cited by 71 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…All these small crustal blocks were formed by ultimately unsuccessful ridge propagation and the jumping of the spreading ridge to a more favourable location . Based on the Lord Howe region, and other examples including the Seychelles, Elan Bank (Kerguelen Plateau) and the Wallaby Plateau off northwestern Australia, Müller et al (2001) and Gaina et al (2002) proposed that this ridgejump model is an important mechanism in the formation of marginal continental ribbons. A key feature in this model is the role of a mantle plume, the existence of which at ca 100 Ma is well established for the southern Tasman Sea-Lord Howe Rise region.…”

Section: Geological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

120 to 0 Ma tectonic evolution of the southwest Pacific and analogous geological evolution of the 600 to 220 Ma Tasman Fold Belt System

Crawford¹,

Meffre²,

Symonds³

2003

Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate

152

258

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Section: Geological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

120 to 0 Ma tectonic evolution of the southwest Pacific and analogous geological evolution of the 600 to 220 Ma Tasman Fold Belt System

Crawford¹,

Meffre²,

Symonds³

2003

Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate

152

258

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“…Elan Bank, a microcontinent presently lies on the western margin of the Kerguelen Plateau in the southern Indian Ocean (Figure 1), detached from the present-day Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) at about 120 Ma [Ingle et al, 2002;Borissova et al, 2003;Gaina et al, 2003Gaina et al, , 2007. Thus the ECMI witnessed two stages of continental breakup in early period of eastern Gondwana splitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Southern and possibly central Kerguelen Plateaus are underlain by continental rocks. The Elan Bank, a microcontinent detached from the ECMI [Mü ller et al, 2001;Borissova et al, 2003;Gaina et al, 2003], is presently lying on west of the Kerguelen Plateau and become an integral part of the Kerguelen Plateau.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] The evolution of the eastern Indian Ocean began with the breakup of eastern Gondwanaland into two separate continental masses, Australia-Antarctica and greater India, in the Early Cretaceous [Curray et al, 1982;Powell et al, 1988;Lawver et al, 1991;Gopala Rao et al, 1997;Gaina et al, 2003Gaina et al, , 2007. Elan Bank, a microcontinent presently lies on the western margin of the Kerguelen Plateau in the southern Indian Ocean (Figure 1), detached from the present-day Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) at about 120 Ma [Ingle et al, 2002;Borissova et al, 2003;Gaina et al, 2003Gaina et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geoid and gravity anomaly data of conjugate regions of Bay of Bengal and Enderby Basin: New constraints on breakup and early spreading history between India and Antarctica

et al. 2009

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[1] Timing of breakup of the Indian continent from eastern Gondwanaland and evolution of the lithosphere in the Bay of Bengal still remain as ambiguous issues. Geoid and free-air gravity data of Bay of Bengal and Enderby Basin are integrated with shipborne geophysical data to investigate the early evolution of the eastern Indian Ocean. Geoid and gravity data of the Bay of Bengal reveal five N36°W fracture zones (FZs) and five isolated NE-SW structural rises between the Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) and the 85°E Ridge/86°E FZ. The FZs meet the 86°E FZ at an angle of $39°. The rises are associated with low-gravity and geoid anomalies and are oriented nearly orthogonal to the FZs trend. The geoid and gravity data of the western Enderby Basin reveal a major Kerguelen FZ and five N4°E FZs. The FZs discretely converge to the Kerguelen FZ at an angle of $37°. We interpret the FZs identified in Bay of Bengal and western Enderby Basin as conjugate FZs that trace the early Cretaceous rifting of south ECMI from Enderby Land. Structural rises between the FZs of Bay of Bengal may either represent fossil ridge segments, possibly have extinct during the early evolution of the Bay of Bengal lithosphere or may have formed later by the volcanic activity accreted the 85°E Ridge. Two different gravity signatures (short-wavelength high-amplitude negative gravity anomaly and relatively broader low-amplitude negative gravity anomaly) are observed on south and north segments of the ECMI, respectively. The location of continent-ocean boundary (COB) is at relatively far distance (100-200 km) from the coastline on north ECMI than that (50-100 km) on the south segment. On the basis of geoid, gravity, and seismic character and orientation of conjugate FZs in Bay of Bengal and western Enderby Basin, we believe that transform motion occurred between south ECMI and Enderby Land at the time of breakup, which might have facilitated the rifting process in the north between combined north ECMI-Elan Bank and MacRobertson Land and in the south between southwest Sri Lanka and Gunnerus Ridge region of East Antarctica. Approximately during the period between the anomalies M1 and M0 and soon after detachment of the Elan Bank from north ECMI, the rifting process possibly had reorganized in order to establish the process along the entire eastern margins of India and Sri Lanka.

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“…The relatively steep inclination of the slope is ascribed to the combination of asymmetric passive-margin rifting and low rates of sedimentation (Boyd et al, 2004). The original continental rift that preceded sea-floor spreading in the Tasman Sea Basin between 74 and 52 Ma before present (Gaina, Muller, Brown & Ishihara, 2003) is thought to have breached on its western flank (Falvey, 1974;Lister, Etheridge & Symonds, 1986;Shaw, 1978) resulting in a particularly steep continental slope. The lack of sediment on the lower slope is suggested to be a consequence of the absence of major river systems delivering material to the slope and submarine erosion during the Neogene Keene et al, 2008).…”

Section: Geologic Setting and Margin Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentology, structure and age estimate of five continental slope submarine landslides, eastern Australia

Clarke

Hubble

Webster

et al. 2016

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences

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Microcontinent formation around Australia

Cited by 71 publications

References 62 publications

120 to 0 Ma tectonic evolution of the southwest Pacific and analogous geological evolution of the 600 to 220 Ma Tasman Fold Belt System

120 to 0 Ma tectonic evolution of the southwest Pacific and analogous geological evolution of the 600 to 220 Ma Tasman Fold Belt System

Geoid and gravity anomaly data of conjugate regions of Bay of Bengal and Enderby Basin: New constraints on breakup and early spreading history between India and Antarctica

Sedimentology, structure and age estimate of five continental slope submarine landslides, eastern Australia

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