Microencapsulation decreases the skin absorption of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)

Kasting, Gerald B.; Bhatt, Varsha; Speaker, Tycho J.

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.003

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In this study, the mosquito repellent properties were from the evaporation of aroma from essential oils. Therefore, the thin film obtained from the nanoemulsions with smaller oil droplets would have higher integrity and more surface area exposed to the air than to the skin; then the evaporation would increase (32). The longer of mosquito repellant activity of nanoemulsions could be explained by the higher release rate of the nanoemulsion comparing to the larger size emulsion (Table II and Fig.…”

Section: Mosquito Repellent Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Characterization and Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Repellent Activity of Essential-Oils-Loaded Nanoemulsions

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The nanoemulsions composed of citronella oil, hairy basil oil, and vetiver oil with mean droplet sizes ranging from 150 to 220 nm were prepared and investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Larger emulsion droplets (195-220 nm) shifted toward a smaller size (150-160 nm) after high-pressure homogenization and resulted in higher release rate. We proposed that thin films obtained from the nanoemulsions with smaller droplet size would have higher integrity, thus increasing the vaporization of essential oils and subsequently prolonging the mosquito repellant activity. The release rates were fitted with Avrami's equations and n values were in the same range of 0.6 to 1.0, implying that the release of encapsulated limonene was controlled by the diffusion mechanism from the emulsion droplet. By using high-pressure homogenization together with optimum concentrations of 5% (w/w) hairy basil oil, 5% (w/w) vetiver oil (5%), and 10% (w/w) citronella oil could improve physical stability and prolong mosquito protection time to 4.7 h due to the combination of these three essential oils as well as small droplet size of nanoemulsion.

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Section: Mosquito Repellent Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Characterization and Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Repellent Activity of Essential-Oils-Loaded Nanoemulsions

et al. 2009

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“…DEET was chosen as the permeant in the previous study since it is a liquid under ambient conditions and in this way we avoided the added complication of other vehicles and solubility issues. Moreover, DEET has been used as a model permeant in evaluation of numerous skin permeation/retardation studies (10,11). Results from permeation studies indicated that laurocapram enhanced DEET permeation in PG, but retarded in PEG 400.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous Penetration Modifiers and Formulation Effects: Thermal and Spectral Analyses

Kaushik

Michniak‐Kohn

2010

AAPS PharmSciTech

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Abstract. The study investigated the formulation effects of laurocapram and iminosulfurane derived penetration modifiers on human stratum corneum using thermal and spectral analyses. Firstly, formulations of penetration modifiers were assessed as enhancers/retardants using the model permeant, diethyl-m-toluamide followed by investigation of their mechanisms of action using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy. The penetration modifiers investigated were laurocapram, 3-dodecanoyloxazolidin-2-one (N-0915), S,Sdimethyl-N-(4-bromobenzoyl) iminosulfurane (DMBIS), S,S-dimethyl-N-(2-methoxycarbonylbenzenesulfonyl) iminosulfurane (DMMCBI) and tert-butyl 1-dodecyl-2-oxoazepan-3-yl-carbamate (TBDOC) that were formulated in either water, propylene glycol (PG), ethanol or polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400). The results explain the mechanism for the first time why an enhancer can become a retardant or vice versa depending upon the vehicle in which it is applied to the skin. DSC indicated that penetration modifier formulations enhanced permeation of active mainly by disruption and fluidization of the stratum corneum lipid bilayers while IR data indicated characteristic blue shifts with decreases in peak intensity. On the other hand, DSC of penetration modifier formulations showing retardation depicted elevated T m2 with a strengthening of lipid-protein complex while IR results indicated formation of multiple peaks around 1,738 cm −1 transition in stratum corneum spectra suggesting retardation may be caused by organization of SC lipids by increased H-bonding.

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“…These microcapsules when incorporated in polyester netting showed that the formulation repelled mosquitoes for a prolong period of 6 months under the laboratory conditions [21]. Study by Kasting et al demonstrated that encapsulation of DEET in polysaccharide microcapsule reduced the skin absorption rate of DEET without compromising with the evaporation rate consistent with effective repellency [22]. Our group also evaluated the potential of glycerol crosslinked PMMA nanopartilces to serve as controlled release device for DEET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Novel glycerol crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) synthesized by chemo-enzymatic method for controlled release application

Sala

Villanueva²,

Chua

et al. 2012

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Microencapsulation decreases the skin absorption of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

In Vitro Characterization and Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Repellent Activity of Essential-Oils-Loaded Nanoemulsions

In Vitro Characterization and Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Repellent Activity of Essential-Oils-Loaded Nanoemulsions

Percutaneous Penetration Modifiers and Formulation Effects: Thermal and Spectral Analyses

Novel glycerol crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) synthesized by chemo-enzymatic method for controlled release application

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