Microencapsulation of imidazole curing agent by solvent evaporation method using W/O/W emulsion

Shin, Min Jae; Shin, Young Jae; Hwang, Seung Won; Shin, Jae Sup

doi:10.1002/app.38767

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Romanchick prepared 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts in the curing of epoxy resin [14]. In this case, the activation of catalyst needs a high temperature around 200 • C. Shin reported using microencapsulated imidazoles with polycaprolactone [15]. Arimitsu et al proposed using the Michel addition products of imidazoles and fumarate ester to improve the low miscibility in epoxy resin [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA)

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The capabilities of imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP·imidazole): imidazol (α-ZrP·Im), 2-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2MIm), and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (α-ZrP·2E4MIm) as latent thermal initiators were examined by the copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) with the imidazoles-intercalated α-zirconium phosphate at varying temperatures for one-hour periods. Polymerization was not observed until the reactants were heated to 100 • C or above. Increasing the temperature, polymerization in the presence of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, or α-ZrP·2E4MIm proceeded at 140 • C for 1 h with over 90% conversion. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm in the reaction at 40 • C for 264 h were tested. With α-ZrP·2MIm, the conversion was less than 15% up to 96 h. In the cases of α-ZrP·Im and α-ZrP·2E4MIm, the conversion reached less than 15% at 264 h. The thermal stabilities of α-ZrP·Im, α-ZrP·2MIm, and α-ZrP·2E4MIm at 40 • C were superior to those of the commercially available thermal latent initiators: HX-3088 and HX-3722.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA)

et al. 2017

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“…The purpose of this study was to construct an epoxy resin–imidazole system that has good latent behavior, and we previously investigated the use of PCL as an encapsulating material for Im to provide this latent behavior . However, a large amount of PCL is necessary to encapsulate the Im relative to the actual Im content, that is, more than a 1:1 ratio of PCL is needed to encapsulate Im.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have been conducted in our laboratory to improve the latent behavior of ACF systems . We previously manufactured imidazole–epoxy resin systems that exhibit a latent behavior at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of imidazole with synthesized copolymers for latent curing of epoxy resin

Shin

2017

Polymer International

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Anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is an essential component in the manufacture of liquid crystal displays, and an imidazole–epoxy resin system that exhibits a latent behavior is generally used as an adhesive in the ACF. In this study, a new copolymer was synthesized using methacrylic acid and dodecyl methacrylate, and this copolymer was used to encapsulate an imidazole curing agent to endow the ACF with latent behavior. A spray‐drying method was used in the encapsulation process, and this encapsulated imidazole was mixed with epoxy resin to form an imidazole–epoxy resin system. A comparison with our previous results showed that a smaller amount of polymeric material could be used in the encapsulating process, and a superior latent behavior could be obtained. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Interestingly, Shin and coworkers [231][232][233][234] recently proposed the encapsulation of imidazole to afford latent curing systems. They observed shelf-life of more than 30 days at 20°C compared to 1 hour to 1 day for the free imidazole system [232].…”

Section: Thermogenerated Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of reactions and network structures of epoxy thermosets

Vidil¹,

Tournilhac²,

Musso

et al. 2016

Progress in Polymer Science

312

252

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Recent advances in macromolecular chemistry have revolutionized the way we perceive the synthesis of polymers. Polymerization, to be modern, must be "controlled", which usually means capable of producing macromolecules of well-defined structure. The purpose of this review is to examine how the chemistry of epoxy resins, an almost century-old chemistry, is also involved in this movement. Epoxy resins are characterized by both the flexibility of implementation and the qualities of the polymers obtained. Key materials in health-, mobility-and energy related technologies, these resins are heavily present in high-performance composites, electronic boards, adhesives and coatings. Currently, a large number of resins and hardeners are available on the market or described in the literature and an interesting point is that almost any combination of the two is possible. Common to all these recipes and processes is that a liquid (or soluble) resin at some point becomes insoluble and solid. It is very important to know how to manage this transition, physically known as the gel point, as it is the point after which the shape of the object is irreversibly set. Taking into account the variety of epoxy polymerization processespolyaddition, anionic or cationic polymerization-we detail a number of methods to program the occurrence of the gel point and how this type of control affects the structure of the growing network.

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Microencapsulation of imidazole curing agent by solvent evaporation method using W/O/W emulsion

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA)

Imidazoles-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as Latent Thermal Initiators in the Reaction of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether (GPE) and Hexahydro-4-Methylphthalic Anhydride (MHHPA)

Encapsulation of imidazole with synthesized copolymers for latent curing of epoxy resin

Control of reactions and network structures of epoxy thermosets

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