Microfluidic immobilized metal affinity chromatography based on Ti(IV)-decorated silica microspheres for purification of phosphoproteins

Recent trends in sorbents for bioaffinity chromatography

“…The chelation between the phosphate groups of phosphopeptides and the metal ions such as Fe (III), Al (III), Ga (III), and Ti(IV) immobilized on the sorbent surface is a typical interaction in the enrichment of phosphopeptides by IMAC [42][43][44]. The most commonly used ligands for the immobilization of metal ions are iminodiacetic acid (IDA) or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA).…”

“…Today, inorganic materials such as silica, carbon-based materials, magnetic nanoparticles, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used as support materials in the synthesis of IMAC sorbents. Several silica-based sorbents both in the magnetic and non-magnetic forms were successfully tried for the enrichment of phosphorylated proteins [44,47,54,[60][61][62]. Silica-based supports have several advantages such as good mechanical stability, rigid 3D structure, tunable pore size, large surface area, and facile derivatization [63].…”

“…Ti(IV) attached‐polydopamine coated, monodisperse‐porous silica microspheres were used as an effective sorbent for the enrichment of phosphopeptides from complex biological samples such as human serum and milk and their structural identification by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) [61]. Another silica‐based IMAC sorbent decorated with Ti(IV) cations by using 3‐(trihydroxysilyl)propyl methylphosphonate (THSPMP) as the ligand [44]. The sorbent was used in batch fashion and a microfluidic system for the purification of phosphoproteins from the complex samples such as human serum [44].…”

“…Another silica‐based IMAC sorbent decorated with Ti(IV) cations by using 3‐(trihydroxysilyl)propyl methylphosphonate (THSPMP) as the ligand [44]. The sorbent was used in batch fashion and a microfluidic system for the purification of phosphoproteins from the complex samples such as human serum [44]. Ti(IV) attached monodisperse‐porous poly(vinylphosphonic acid‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) microspheres synthesized by staged‐shape templated polymerization of corresponding monomers were used as the sorbent for selective enrichment of phosphoproteins from complex samples [66].…”

“…In the last decade, there has been an increasing trend in the enrichment of biomarkers with IMAC in various biotechnological and biomedical applications before mass spectrometric analysis for their detection in biological samples [7, 9, 42–44, 47–50, 14,15,51–60]. IMAC has become an important technique in the purification of histidine‐tagged proteins and phosphoproteins in recent years.…”