Microgrid Control, Storage, and Communication Strategies to Enhance Resiliency for Survival of Critical Load

Abstract

Adequately, as far as the global system is concerned with the variation in the climatic condition, the frequency of disaster is rising, resulting in various damages to the power grid. To cope with the power network problems due to disasters such as grid outages, frequency, and voltage deviation, the network should be incorporated with numerous distributed generations such as solar and wind. During the disaster condition, these distributed fossil generations form Microgrids (MGs) by disconnecting itself from the grid and maintain power flow to the local region. Besides, the negative impacts on the environment, such as carbon emission has reduced by using Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Apart from reducing carbon emission (as in the case of fossil fuel generation plants), RES based microgrid also useful for the resilient distribution system. However, high penetration of distributed generation, for a resilient system that can survive at least its critical loads during extreme disaster conditions, requires robust architecture and communication between the devices of a microgrid. This article presents the latest review of the various classification of microgrid architecture along with the technical characteristics of energy storage devices, various communication channels and discover the gaps to form a bridge between microgrid in normal and abnormal (during a climatic disaster) conditions. In addition, alteration in control techniques for Alternative Current and Direct Current microgrid for robust MGs is presented systematically. Furthermore, the latest developments with sectionalizer placement to provide the steps to achieve near-real-time data and necessary actions required to take during or before the actual disaster are also presented in a systematic manner.

Resilience Improvement of Distribution Networks Using a Two-Stage Stochastic Multi-Objective Programming via Microgrids Optimal Performance

“…Because they can join MGs or networks that do not have enough capacity to maintain their sensitive loads in critical conditions [9], [11], [22]. The authors in [23] believe that a RES-based microgrid is useful for the distribution system resilience. Reducing carbon emission is also mentioned as another benefit of using mentioned microgrids.…”

“…Reducing carbon emission is also mentioned as another benefit of using mentioned microgrids. Furthermore, different categories of microgrid architecture besides the technical characteristics of energy storage devices and various communication channels are investigated in [23]. Among the applications of MGs, which are divided into four categories in reference [11]; we can refer to MGs that are used as a source to increase global resilience.…”

“…, , Due to the requirement for the presence of power converters to connect dc MGs to the distribution feeder, the equations related to their technical constraints [41] are shown Eqs. (23) and (24). The relation between the active and reactive power of the PCC point converters of each MG is shown here [42].…”

Mode‐adaptive multifunctional control of the distributed generation‐based AC microgrid for seamless grid synchronisation

“…Replacing the unit template u n (k) by 1 and then solving Equation (A4), we obtain 16 -CHISHTI AND SINGH zw n ðkÞ ¼ w n ðkÞ þ χψ bc fi Ln ðkÞw n ðkÞg ðA5Þ fz þ χψ bc − 1gw n ðkÞ ¼ χψ bc fi Ln ðkÞg ðA6Þ…”

Holonic System Model for Resilient Energy Grid Operation

“…In this context, related work investigated cellular-and micro-grids as suitable architectures to support the stability of future energy grids by enabling the separation of energy grids into subparts [7][8][9]. Based on these architectures, novel concepts were developed that leverage the properties of these architectures to support the resilient operation of energy grids [10][11][12]. However, within these works, prosumers participate within energy grids as overwhelmingly passive entities.…”