Microorganisms and Global Climate Change

Abstract

Today, a global climate change is speeding up (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-IPCC, Switzerland) that limits leaving organisms' adaptation to the environment. As a result, the distribution of phytopathogenic fungi may obviously change. Particularly, in 1985 a new disease of wheat yellow leaf spot appeared in the European south of Russia (Krasnodar Region) (E.F. Granina et al., 1989). In 2005-2007 the causal agent of yellow leaf spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was found on wheat in NorthWestern Region of Russia. On some cultivars the disease severity reached 70 %, and pathogens become more virulent and viable. Despite the North Caucasus and the Far East were specific areas for Fusarium graminearum in Russia, since 2003 F. graminearum appeared on the territory of the Russian NorthWest. The average disease severity on cereals was 93.

Septoriablotch epidemic process on spring wheat varieties

“…The climatic trend characterized by warming and increased contrast in the weather conditions during the growing season turned out to be favorable to plant pathogens, leading to an in crease in the frequency of Septoria blotch epidemics in spring wheat distribution regions, including West Siberia (Levitin, 2015;Toropova et al, 2016). The results of our studies are consistent with published data on the increase in the spread of Septoria blotch on the winter wheat in the European part of Russia (Sanin et al, 2017;Gultyaeva et al, 2019).…”

Fungi ecological niches of the genus Fusarium Link.

“…et Wr., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., etc. The fusarium fungi habitat changed significantly in the 21st century due to climatic fluctuations and agricultural technology changes [2,3,4]. In 2007-2018, the population of Fusarium spp.…”

DEVELOPMENT OF SCLEROTINIA IN NARROWLEAF (Lupinus angusti-folius L.) AND WHITE (Lupinus albus L.) LUPIN SINGLE AND MIXED CROPS UNDER DIFFERENT WEATHER CONDITIONS IN BRYANSK REGION

“…Изменение климата влияет на все функции живых организмов,выживание, скорость размножения, распространение в пространстве и т.д. (9)(10)(11). Повышение температуры воздуха в России прежде всего проявляется в потеплении в осенне-зимний (октябрь-декабрь) и зимне-весенний (январь-май) периоды.…”

“…Рост температуры почвы в весенне-летний период стимулирует активность почвенных грибов из родов Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, уменьшает латентный период их развития и увеличивает агрессивность патогенов (15)(16)(17). По мере повышения температуры количество возбудителей болезней растений, движущихся с юга на север, увеличивается, что приводит к расширению ареала теплолюбивых видов грибов (11).…”