Microorganisms within Human Follicular Fluid: Effects on IVF

Pelzer, Elise S.; Allan, John; Waterhouse, Mary; Ross, T; Beagley, Kenneth W.; Knox, Christine L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059062

Cited by 84 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…and oral mucosa (Streptococcus spp. ), which supports the hypothesis that the follicular fluid does not always get contaminated during oocyte retrieval and can be colonized before this procedure [56]. So far, there has been no research to assess the vaginal, cervical, endometrial, fallopian, follicular and peritoneal microbiomes in parallel.…”

Section: The Microbiome Of Ovarian Folliclessupporting

confidence: 66%

“…РАK kinases phosphorylate some cytoskeletal proteins and regulate their activity. Some authors indicate their role in the regulation of MAPK signal pathways in mammalian cells [56,57]. Kinases of the NDR family were shown to have a role in embryonic development, neurological processes and cancer mechanisms [58].…”

Section: Practical Application Of the Proposed Classification: Selectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

Bulletin of RSMU

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Section: The Microbiome Of Ovarian Folliclessupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Practical Application Of the Proposed Classification: Selectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

Bulletin of RSMU

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“…**P ≤ 0.05; *P ≤ 0.08 compared with untreated controls; analysis by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. ovarian follicle and that patients suffering PID show ovarian pathologies (Bychkov 1990, Pelzer et al 2011, Pelzer et al 2013. The data presented here suggest that GLCs can initiate an innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecules, potentially altering the microenvironment of the follicle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing fertility treatment suggest that increased endometrial LPS reduces IVF success (Kamiyama et al 2004). More recently, it has been demonstrated that bacteria can be isolated from the follicular fluid of women undergoing infertility treatment, with the extent of bacterial colonization of the follicle being correlated with the success of fertility treatment (Neuer et al 1997, Pelzer et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human granulosa–luteal cells initiate an innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecules

et al. 2016

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The microenvironment of the ovarian follicle is key to the developmental success of the oocyte. Minor changes within the follicular microenvironment can significantly disrupt oocyte development, compromising the formation of competent embryos and reducing fertility. Previously described as a sterile environment, the ovarian follicle of women has been shown to contain colonizing bacterial strains, whereas in domestic species, pathogen-associated molecules are concentrated in the follicular fluid of animals with uterine infection. The aim of this study is to determine whether human granulosa-luteal cells mount an innate immune response to pathogenassociated molecules, potentially disrupting the microenvironment of the ovarian follicle. Human granulosa-luteal cells were collected from patients undergoing assisted reproduction. Cells were cultured in the presence of pathogen-associated molecules (LPS, FSL-1 and Pam3CSK4) for 24 h. Supernatants and total RNA were collected for assessment by PCR and ELISA. Granulosa-luteal cells were shown to express the molecular machinery required to respond to a range of pathogen-associated molecules. Expression of TLR4 varied up to 15-fold between individual patients. Granulosa-luteal cells increased the expression of the inflammatory mediators IL1B, IL6 and CXCL8 in the presence of the TLR4 agonist E. coli LPS. Similarly, the TLR2/6 ligand, FSL-1, increased the expression of IL6 and CXCL8. Although no detectable changes in CYP19A1 or STAR expression were observed in granulosa-luteal cells following challenge, a significant reduction in progesterone secretion was measured after treatment with FSL-1. These findings demonstrate the ability of human granulosa-luteal cells to respond to pathogen-associated molecules and generate an innate immune response.Reproduction (2016) 152 261-270

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“…However, various studies [modulo the usual issues of contamination (418)] have shown the presence of microbes in tissues including the placenta (400, 409, 419–432), vagina (393, 433–440), uterus (391, 441, 442), amniotic fluid (430, 443–448), and follicular fluid (449, 450), and how these may vary significantly in PE [we do not discuss other pregnancy disorders such as small for gestational age (SGA) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)]. We list some of these in Table 3.…”

Section: Direct Evidence For a Role Of Infectious Agents In Pementioning

confidence: 99%

A Dormant Microbial Component in the Development of Preeclampsia

Kell

Kenny

2016

Front. Med.

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex, multisystem disorder that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Four main classes of dysregulation accompany PE and are widely considered to contribute to its severity. These are abnormal trophoblast invasion of the placenta, anti-angiogenic responses, oxidative stress, and inflammation. What is lacking, however, is an explanation of how these themselves are caused. We here develop the unifying idea, and the considerable evidence for it, that the originating cause of PE (and of the four classes of dysregulation) is, in fact, microbial infection, that most such microbes are dormant and hence resist detection by conventional (replication-dependent) microbiology, and that by occasional resuscitation and growth it is they that are responsible for all the observable sequelae, including the continuing, chronic inflammation. In particular, bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, are well known as highly inflammagenic and stimulate an innate (and possibly trained) immune response that exacerbates the inflammation further. The known need of microbes for free iron can explain the iron dysregulation that accompanies PE. We describe the main routes of infection (gut, oral, and urinary tract infection) and the regularly observed presence of microbes in placental and other tissues in PE. Every known proteomic biomarker of “preeclampsia” that we assessed has, in fact, also been shown to be raised in response to infection. An infectious component to PE fulfills the Bradford Hill criteria for ascribing a disease to an environmental cause and suggests a number of treatments, some of which have, in fact, been shown to be successful. PE was classically referred to as endotoxemia or toxemia of pregnancy, and it is ironic that it seems that LPS and other microbial endotoxins really are involved. Overall, the recognition of an infectious component in the etiology of PE mirrors that for ulcers and other diseases that were previously considered to lack one.

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Microorganisms within Human Follicular Fluid: Effects on IVF

Cited by 84 publications

References 42 publications

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Human granulosa–luteal cells initiate an innate immune response to pathogen-associated molecules

A Dormant Microbial Component in the Development of Preeclampsia

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