Microplastic analysis in the South Funen Archipelago, Baltic Sea, implementing manta trawling and bulk sampling

Tamminga, Matthias; Hengstmann, Elena; Fischer, Elke Kerstin

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.066

Cited by 134 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Nets are 1.5-4.5 m long (Gajšt et al 2016;Maes et al 2017) and they have variable mesh sizes (20-5000 μm; Khalik et al 2018;Syakti et al 2018) (Table 1). A 333-μm net mesh is most commonly used in the considered literature ( Table 2).…”

Section: Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Cutroneo

Reboa

Besio

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

127

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The European Interreg Italy-France 2014-2020 Maritime Project SPlasH! (Stop to Plastics in H 2 O!) focused on the study of microplastics (MPs) in the marine port environment to evaluate their presence, abundance, and mechanisms of diffusion to the open sea. In the framework of this project, a worldwide review of 74 studies was carried out, providing an overview of MP investigation techniques, focusing on sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification of MPs collected in seawater, and specifically evaluating their applicability to the marine port environment. Nets were the most commonly used device for MP surface sampling, but their use can be difficult in narrow spaces within the port basins, and they must be coupled to discrete sampling devices to cover all port basins. In the laboratory, density separation (NaCl, ZnCl 2 , NaI, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)), filtration (polycarbonate, polyamide, glass, cellulose, ANOPORE inorganic membrane filters), sieving, visual sorting, and digestion methods (acidic, enzymatic, alkaline, oxidative) were used to separate MPs from seawater. Digestion becomes essential with water samples with great inorganic and organic loads as deriving from a port. Although many studies are based only on visual MP identification under a microscope, analytical identification techniques unequivocally determine the particle nature and the identity of the plastic polymers and are necessary to validate the visual sorting of MPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is the most used analytical identification technique.

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Section: Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Cutroneo

Reboa

Besio

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many studies used smallsized sieve in the sampler to further investigate smaller microplastics (< 300 μm), while it also means less sampling volume (1 to 20 L) was taken due to a large quantity of tiny particles. Researchers, however, should be cautious that insufficient sampling volume may lead to skeptical results [34], especially when the result is used to represent regional pollution level and compare with others. Inconsistency of units, including items L − 1 and items m − 3 , also makes comparison questionable.…”

Section: Distribution Characteristics Of Microplastics Around the Yanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in surface water and sediments of Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary, China

Zheng

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

155

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Background: The Yangtze Estuary acts as gateways where microplastics transport from freshwater into marine environments, with one of the largest discharge volumes in the world. The occurrence of microplastics in surface water and sediments of the Yangtze Estuary has been reported. However, little is known about microplastics in and around Chongming Island in the estuary. In this study, the distribution of microplastics in surface water and sediments of Chongming Island was investigated and compared in different environmental medium.Results: Abundances of microplastics in surface water and sediments were in the ranges of 0-259 items m − 3 and 10-60 items kg − 1 dry weight, respectively. Microplastics were more abundant in the surface water of the Yangtze River shores than in the inland rivers (p < 0.01). Proportions in fiber form in surface water and sediment were 33% and 67%; and those in fragment form were 39% and 24%. Most particles (> 72%) were < 1 mm in the longest dimension; 65% were white and 30% were transparent. Of the 11 compositions identified, polyethylene, polypropylene, and α-cellulose predominated in both phases.Conclusion: This is the first study to focus on microplastics in inland watercourses on Chongming Island and along the Yangtze River's shores in both phases. There were differences between the island and estuary in composition and density due to the distinct vertical mixing processes. The in situ filtration of surface water (100 L) sampling method was well employed in various freshwater environments and free of plastic materials in front of the filter, analysis results of which provided an important baseline reference for evaluating microplastic pollution in the Yangtze Estuary. Publisher's NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…A concrete comparison of our results with field data is problematic, because we restrict ourselves to only three polymers but cover the 20-500 µm particle size class. Field studies often address the size fraction above 333 µm, using a phytoplankton net for sampling, and therefore did not collect the majority of microplastics (Setälä et al, 2016;Tamminga et al, 2018).…”

Section: Representativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport and Behavior of Microplastics Emissions From Urban Sources in the Baltic Sea

Schernewski

Radtke

Hauk

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Urban sources, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), untreated wastewater (not connected to WWTPs), and especially combined sewer overflow systems (CSS) including stormwater are major pathways for microplastics in the aquatic environment. We compile microplastics emission data for the Baltic Sea region, calculate emissions for each pathway and develop emission scenarios for selected polymer types, namely polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP) and the polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PE/PP and PET differ with respect to their density and can be regarded as representative for large groups of polymers. We consider particles between 20-500 µm with varying shapes. The emission scenarios serve as input for 3D-model simulations, which allow us to estimate transport, behavior, and deposition in the Baltic Sea environment. According to our model results, the average residence time of PET and PE/PP in the Baltic Sea water body is about 14 days. Microplastics from urban sources cause average concentrations of 1.4 PE/PP (0.7 PET) particles/m 2 sea surface (20-500 µm size range) in the Baltic Sea during summer. Average concentrations of PET, resulting from urban sources, at the sea floor are 4 particles/m 2 sediment surface during summer. Our model approach suggests that accumulation at the shoreline is the major sink for microplastic with annual coastal PE/PP and PET accumulation rates of up to 10 8 particles/m each near emission hot-spots and in enclosed and semi-closed systems. All concentrations show strong spatial and temporal variability and are linked to high uncertainties. The seasonality of CSS (including stormwater) emissions is assessed in detail. In the southeastern Baltic, emissions during July and August can be up to 50% of the annual CSS and above 1/3 of the total annual microplastic emissions. The practical consequences especially for monitoring, which should focus on beaches, are discussed. Further, it seems that PET, PE/PP can serve as indicators to assess the state of pollution.

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Microplastic analysis in the South Funen Archipelago, Baltic Sea, implementing manta trawling and bulk sampling

Cited by 134 publications

References 70 publications

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Microplastics in seawater: sampling strategies, laboratory methodologies, and identification techniques applied to port environment

Microplastics in surface water and sediments of Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary, China

Transport and Behavior of Microplastics Emissions From Urban Sources in the Baltic Sea

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