Microplastic contamination in water supply and the removal efficiencies of the treatment plants: A case of Surabaya City, Indonesia

Radityaningrum, Arlini Dyah; Trihadiningrum, Yulinah; Mar'atusholihah,; Soedjono, Eddy Setiadi; Herumurti, Welly

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102195

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Overall, in the studied population, there is no strong association between the consumed food and water and the microplastic contamination in their gastrointestinal tracts. Even though microplastics have been previously detected in Indonesian water supply and seafood [14][15][16][17][18]50], we did not detect microplastic contamination in the drinking water and in most of the staple foods regularly consumed by the study participants (Table 2). The only positive sample came from tempeh (fermented soybeans), a popular source of protein in Indonesia.…”

Section: The Abundance and Characteristic Of Microplastics In Drinkin...contrasting

confidence: 75%

Microplastic Contamination in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Daily Consumables Associated with an Indonesian Farming Community

et al. 2021

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Plastic is one of the most abundant pollutants in the environment. As a result of natural physical processes, large plastic waste is degraded into microsized particles (<5 mm) called microplastics. Because of their size, abundance, and durability, microplastics are widely distributed in the environment, contaminating food and water intended for human consumption. The extent of microplastic contamination in the human body is still unclear because there are few studies concerning microplastic contamination in human specimens and, in most studies, data were collected from city dwellers. Despite having the fourth largest population and being the fourth largest plastic waste producer in the world and second largest plastic polluter in the ocean, there are currently no data with respect to microplastic exposure for the Indonesian population. Several studies have reported on microplastic contamination in seafood and freshwater organisms from Indonesia, and it is likely that microplastics have contaminated the gastrointestinal tracts of Indonesians. Using Raman spectroscopy, we detected microplastic contamination in 7 out of 11 analyzed stool samples collected from a farming community in the highland village of Pacet, East Java, Indonesia. Polypropylene (PP) was the most abundant and prevalent type of microplastic observed, and it was found in four of the positive samples with an average concentration of 10.19 microgram per gram of feces (μg/g). Microplastics were also detected at high concentrations in tempeh (soybean cake, a staple protein source for Indonesians), table salts, and toothpaste, which were regularly consumed and used by the study participants. PP was particularly high in table salts (2.6 μg/g) and toothpaste (15.42 μg/g), suggesting that these products might contribute to the gastrointestinal contamination in the studied population. This pilot study indicated microplastic contamination in the rural Indonesian population and in their daily consumables, demonstrating the far-reaching extent of microplastic pollution beyond urban areas.

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Section: The Abundance and Characteristic Of Microplastics In Drinkin...contrasting

confidence: 75%

Microplastic Contamination in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Daily Consumables Associated with an Indonesian Farming Community

et al. 2021

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“…Previous work has reported microplastic contamination in the Surabaya water supply system [43]. However, tap water in Indonesia is non-potable, and Surabaya inhabitants commonly acquire their drinking water from bottled water gallons or water refilling stations.…”

Section: Microplastic Contamination In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Contamination in Human Stools, Foods, and Drinking Water Associated with Indonesian Coastal Population

et al. 2021

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Approximately 381 million tons of plastic are produced globally every year, and the majority of it ends up as pollutants. In the environment, plastic waste is fragmented into microplastic particles less than 5 mm in size; owing to their small size, durability, and abundance, they can easily be dispersed, incorporated into the food chains, and enter the human body. The extent of microplastic exposure in the human body has become a major concern in many countries, including in Indonesia, the second largest plastic waste contributor in the world. Here, we report the detection of microplastics in human stools collected from a fisherman community in the coastal area of Surabaya, Indonesia. Microplastics were found in more than 50% of samples analyzed with a concentration ranging from 3.33 to 13.99 µg of microplastic per gram of feces (µg/g). HDPE was observed as the most prevalent type of microplastic, with an average concentration of 9.195 µg/g in positive samples. Different types of microplastics were also detected in seafood, staple foods, drinking water, table salts, and toothpaste, which were regularly used and consumed by the study participants. Results from this preliminary study indicate widespread contamination of microplastic in the human body and in consumables associated with the coastal populations of Indonesia.

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“…The removal efficiency of MPs by traditional drinking water treatment processes varies in different DWTPs. For example, the removal efficiencies of MPs by CFS and filtration were only 54% and 76%, respectively, in two DWTPs located in Indonesia [ 78 ]. This difference could be explained based on the fact that different types and sizes of MPs have different affinity to flocculants.…”

Section: Enrichment and Removal Technologies Of Microplastics In Aqua...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing microplastics from aquatic environments: A critical review

Pan

Gao

et al. 2023

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology

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Microplastic contamination in water supply and the removal efficiencies of the treatment plants: A case of Surabaya City, Indonesia

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

Microplastic Contamination in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Daily Consumables Associated with an Indonesian Farming Community

Microplastic Contamination in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Daily Consumables Associated with an Indonesian Farming Community

Microplastic Contamination in Human Stools, Foods, and Drinking Water Associated with Indonesian Coastal Population

Removing microplastics from aquatic environments: A critical review

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