MicroProteins: small size – big impact

Eguen, Tenai; Straub, Daniel; Graeff, Moritz; Wenkel, Stephan

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.011

Cited by 71 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…All microProteins known to date are small in size, ranging from 7 to 17 kDa, overall comprising less than 120 amino acids (Eguen et al 2015). To exert their function, microProteins require only a single functional domain that acts as a proteininteraction platform to sequester their targets.…”

Section: Key Features Of Microprotein Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MicroProteins exist as individual transcription units in genomes of higher eukaryotes (trans-microProteins) and most of these transcription units evolved during the evolution of genomes where both whole-genome and local duplications and rearrangements resulted in an amplification of protein-coding sequences followed by a subsequent loss of functional domains (Eguen et al 2015). In addition, alternative transcription processes such as splicing, promoter choice and 3 0 -end processing can also give rise to mRNA isoforms encoding microProteins (cis-microProteins).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, alternative transcription processes such as splicing, promoter choice and 3 0 -end processing can also give rise to mRNA isoforms encoding microProteins (cis-microProteins). In either case, the microProtein is related to a larger protein with different functional domains and interferes with the function of these "precursor proteins" (Eguen et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZPR microProteins interact with the much larger class III homeodomain leucinezipper (HD-ZIPIII) proteins through their leucine-zipper domain and the resulting HD-ZIPIII/ZPR heterodimer is unable to interact with DNA, thus mimicking the ID/bHLH module. In the past years many more microProteins targeting transcription factors have been identified in plants (Eguen et al 2015). Furthermore, it is possible to design synthetic microProteins that inhibit proteins of interest (Seo et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-species genome-wide identification of evolutionary conserved microProteins

Straub

Wenkel

2016

Preprint

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MicroProteins are small single-domain proteins that act by engaging their targets into different, sometimes nonproductive protein complexes. In order to identify novel microProteins in any sequenced genome of interest, we have developed miPFinder, a program that identifies and classifies potential microProteins. In the past years, several microProteins have been discovered in plants where they are mainly involved in the regulation of development by fine-tuning transcription factor activities. The miPFinder algorithm identifies all up to date known plant microProteins and extends the microProtein concept beyond transcription factors to other protein families. Here, we reveal potential microProtein candidates in several plant and animal reference genomes. A large number of these microProteins are species-specific while others evolved early and are evolutionary highly conserved. Most known microProtein genes originated from large ancestral genes by gene duplication, mutation and subsequent degradation. Gene ontology analysis shows that putative microProtein ancestors are often located in the nucleus, and involved in DNA binding and formation of protein complexes. Additionally, microProtein candidates act in plant transcriptional regulation, signal transduction and anatomical structure development. MiPFinder is freely available to find microProteins in any genome and will aid in the identification of novel microProteins in plants and animals.

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Section: Key Features Of Microprotein Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-species genome-wide identification of evolutionary conserved microProteins

Straub

Wenkel

2016

Preprint

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“…MicroProteins can either completely inactivate their targets by forming non-functional heterodimers or alter their biological function by engaging the target protein in novel protein complexes. These interactions can occur either via identical PPI domains (homotypic microProtein inhibition) or by non-identical but compatible PPI domains (heterotypic microProtein inhibition) [1–3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to identify and characterize microProteins and their potential uses in biotechnology

Bhati

Blaakmeer

Botterweg-Paredes

et al. 2018

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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MicroProteins are small proteins that contain a single protein domain and are related to larger, often multi-domain proteins. At the molecular level, microProteins act by interfering with the formation of higher order protein complexes. In the past years, several microProteins have been identified in plants and animals that strongly influence biological processes. Due to their ability to act as dominant regulators in a targeted manner, microProteins have a high potential for biotechnological use. In this review, we present different ways in which microProteins are generated and we elaborate on techniques used to identify and characterize them. Finally, we give an outlook on possible applications in biotechnology.

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Ribosomal Peptides and Small Proteins on the Rise

2019

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Genetically encoded and ribosomally synthesised peptides and small proteins act as important regulators in fundamental cellular processes, including gene expression, development, signalling and metabolism. Moreover, they also play a crucial role in eukaryotic and prokaryotic defence against microorganisms. Extremely diverse in size and structure, they are often subject to extensive post‐translational modification. Recent technological advances are now allowing the analysis of the whole cellular transcriptome and proteome, revealing the presence of hundreds of long‐overlooked alternative and short open reading frames (short ORFs, or sORFs) in mRNA and supposedly noncoding RNAs. However, in many instances the biological roles of their translational products remain to be elucidated. Here we provide an overview on the intriguing structural and functional diversity of ribosomally synthesised peptides and newly discovered peptides and small proteins.

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MicroProteins: small size – big impact

Cited by 71 publications

References 46 publications

Cross-species genome-wide identification of evolutionary conserved microProteins

Cross-species genome-wide identification of evolutionary conserved microProteins

Approaches to identify and characterize microProteins and their potential uses in biotechnology

Ribosomal Peptides and Small Proteins on the Rise

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