MicroRNA: A Target Candidate to Turn the Tide

Abstract

Understanding the molecular basis of life is at the centre today, the integration of Computer Science, Mathematics and statistics improved the belief in structural and functional genomics. Recently there is an increased interest in function of non-coding RNA transcripts. Non-coding RNAs are small molecules that are not translated into proteins, but these molecules have a pivotal role in almost all molecular and cellular processes. MicroRNA is one of those noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at posttranslational level. These 18-25 nt length molecules are primary transcribes consist of a secondary hairpin structure. There are 700 miRNAs in the human genome, at least 1-4% of expressed genes; this makes miRNAs as the biggest group of regulators. This review summarizes biogenesis, role of expression profiles in and at various cellular and molecular mechanisms and their applications. More or less, research on non-coding RNA candidates has been done and proved their importance, however, even more to be proved.