MicroRNA and mRNA Interaction Network Regulates the Malignant Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Induced by Cigarette Smoke

Abstract

This study analyzes the correlation and interaction of miRNAs and mRNAs and their biological function in the malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells induced by cigarette smoke (CS). Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were continuously exposed to CS for 30 passages (S30) to establish an in vitro cell model of malignant transformation. The transformed cells were validated by scratch wound healing assay, transwell migration assay, colony formation and tumorigenicity assay. The miRNA and mRNA sequencing analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal BEAS-2B and S30 cells. The miRNA-seq data of lung cancer with corresponding clinical data obtained from TCGA was used to further identify lung cancer-related DEMs and their correlations with smoking history. The target genes of these DEMs were predicted using the miRDB database, and their functions were analyzed using the online tool “Metascape.” It was found that the migration ability, colony formation rate and tumorigenicity of S30 cells enhanced. A total of 42 miRNAs and 753 mRNAs were dysregulated in S30 cells. The change of expression of top five DEGs and DEMs were consistent with our sequencing results. Among these DEMs, eight miRNAs were found dysregulated in lung cancer tissues based on TCGA data. In these eight miRNAs, six of them including miR-96-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-106-5p, miR-190a-5p, miR-195-5p, and miR-1-3p, were found to be associated with smoking history. Several DEGs, including THBS1, FN1, PIK3R1, CSF1, CORO2B, and PREX1, were involved in many biological processes by enrichment analysis of miRNA and mRNA interaction. We identified the negatively regulated miRNA-mRNA pairs in the CS-induced lung cancer, which were implicated in several cancer-related (especially EMT-related) biological process and KEGG pathways in the malignant transformation progress of lung cells induced by CS. Our result demonstrated the dysregulation of miRNA-mRNA profiles in cigarette smoke-induced malignant transformed cells, suggesting that these miRNAs might contribute to cigarette smoke-induced lung cancer. These genes may serve as biomarkers for predicting lung cancer pathogenesis and progression. They can also be targets of novel anticancer drug development.

MiR-195-5p is a Potential Factor Responsible for CPNE1 Differential Expression between Subtypes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

“…In ovarian cancer, overexpression of miR-195-5p can reduce cisplatin resistance and angiogenesis via PSAT1-depedent GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway [40]. To date, only four published papers have demonstrated the suppressive role of miR-195-5p in NSCLC cell proliferation and functioned as a predictor of poor prognosis [28][29][30][31]. In line with the published result, our further survival analysis proved that relatively low miR-195-5p expression was associated with unfavorable survival.…”

“…However limited studies have demonstrated the role of miR-195-5p in lung cancer. It is reported that miR-195-5p had lower expression in lung cancer and may act as a biomarker that contributed to the diagnosis of lung cancer and the detection of its high-risk population [28,29]. Moreover, miR-195-5p functions as a predictor of poor prognosis by directly targeting CIAPIN1 [30].…”

Identification of the Prognostic Value of Tumor Microenvironment-Related Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Additionally, low CH25H levels in leukocytes from melanoma patients were correlated with poor prognosis (Ortiz et al, 2019 ). CORO2B was found to be involved in many biological processes of malignant transformation in BEAS-2B cells induced by cigarette smoke (Wang et al, 2019 ). LOC51089, also called C1QA, was found to be involved in the innate immune system and was associated with the expression of PD-L1 (Olkhov-Mitsel et al, 2020 ), and its abnormal expression in tumor tissues was confirmed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (Yu et al, 2019 ; Apanovich et al, 2020 ).…”

Identification and validation of smoking-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma using an in vitro carcinogenesis model and bioinformatics analysis

“…A total of 1.5 g RNA per sample was used as input material for the RNA library construction. The mRNA sequencing procedure has been described in detail in our previous article, and the raw data has been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database ( https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/ ) with identifier SRP181756 [ 43 ]. Genes were computed by summing the fragments per kilo-base of exon per million fragments mapped (FPKM) of transcripts in each gene group.…”