MicroRNA-Enriched Exosomes from Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Differentially Modulate Functions of Immune Cells and Neurogenesis

Abstract

Adult Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes carry several biologically active molecules that play prominent roles in controlling disease manifestations. The content of these exosomes, their functions, and effect on the immune cells may differ depending on their tissue sources. Therefore, in this study, we purified the exosomes from three different sources and, using the RNA-Seq approach, highly abundant microRNAs were identified and compared between exosomes and parental cells. The effects of exosomes on different immune cells were studied in vitro by incubating exosomes with PBMC and neutrophils and assessing their functions. The expression levels of several miRNAs varied within the different MSCs and exosomes. Additionally, the expression profile of most of the miRNAs was not similar to that of their respective sources. Exosomes isolated from different sources had different abilities to induce the process of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, these exosomes demonstrated their varying effect on PBMC proliferation, neutrophil survival, and NET formation, highlighting their versatility and broad interaction with immune cells. The knowledge gained from this study will improve our understanding of the miRNA landscape of exosomes from hMSCs and provide a resource for further improving our understanding of exosome cargo and their interaction with immune cells.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Modulating Cardiac Mechanisms

“…Based on the important roles played by miRNAs in regulating the expression of several genes, miRNA-based therapeutic potential of stem cells is introduced as a vital therapeutic option for multiple diseases [ 98 ]. Importantly, our results lie in accordance with previous studies, which showed some common miRNAs derived from exosomes or EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells regulate different functions in various diseases [ 29 , 99 , 100 , 101 ].…”

Bone marrow‐derived extracellular vesicles modulate the abundance of infiltrating immune cells in the brain and exert an antiviral effect against the Japanese encephalitis virus

“…Briefly, bone marrows were collected from the donors ( n = 3) undergoing the routine medical test procedure at AIIMS, New Delhi. The MSCs were isolated and cultured as described previously by our group 30 . Briefly, MSCs were passaged and identified by surface marker analysis and in vitro differentiation assays 31 .…”

“…Mesenchymal stem cell isolation and exosome purification were performed at the Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, using a previously standardized protocol. 29 , 30 Briefly, bone marrows were collected from the donors ( n = 3) undergoing the routine medical test procedure at AIIMS, New Delhi. The MSCs were isolated and cultured as described previously by our group.…”

Nuclear and Cytoplasmatic Players in Mitochondria-Related CNS Disorders: Chromatin Modifications and Subcellular Trafficking

“…In recent years, it has become clearer and clearer that, in addition to genetic and epigenetic control, signaling from the tissue environment (mechano-transduction and molecular cues) [96][97][98] and/or from cargo proteins/RNAs in the shuttle, secreted vesicles (exosomes) contribute to the regulation of cell and tissue growth, differentiation and migration [99]. Cell shaping and formation of cellular processes, such as the neuronal growth cone [100], are crucial to sensing (and responding to) such tissue environmental stimuli.…”