MicroRNA Profiling in Circulating Exosomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer with several risk factors. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles generated by the fusion of multivesicular structures with the cell membrane and play an important role as intercellular messengers. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a noncoding RNA and regulates post-transcriptional modification. The present systematic review aims to identify and correlate the possible association and role of circulating exosomes with OSCC. Using the search strategy, articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria, published between January 2012 to March 2022, were retrieved from online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. About 904 articles were found using an electronic database and a human search. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 614 studies were eliminated, and duplicate articles were removed. Five studies were included in this systematic review. Circulating exosomal expression of miRNA27, miRNA 21, and miRNA 155 showed significant upregulation in OSCC patients. Circulating exosomes could be potential biomarkers to be used in the detection of patients with OSCC. More studies are warranted in this area to gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of OSCC and the function of molecular markers from circulating exosomes. Understanding the role of molecular markers from circulating exosomes in pathogenesis will provide a better understanding of the development of the disease, necessitating more study in this area. According to this review, circulating exosomes might be a potential approach to the identification of OSCC.

Targeting Oral Cancer: In Silico Docking Studies of Phytochemicals on Oncogenic Molecular Markers

“…The field of drug discovery has undergone a revolution in the post-genomic era, characterized by an exponential rise in open access biological data generated by bioinformatics pipelines. This has allowed scientists to gain a comprehensive understanding of the biological system relevant to the disease under investigation by utilizing a variety of biological datasets [26][27][28].…”

Metronomic Chemotherapy in Oral Cancer: A Review

“…Advances in early diagnosis and more personalized therapy to minimize morbidity are being investigated in oral cancer patients. Circulating exosomes and genetic mutations could shed some light on the intricate pathogenesis of oral cancer and help in deciphering appropriate treatment protocols (Table 1 ) [ 16 - 18 ].…”