MicroRNAs in Cancer

Abstract

MicroRNAs are small non coding RNAs that typically inhibit the translation and stability of messanger RNAs (mRNAs), controlling genes involved in cellular processes such as inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. Thus, miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of virtually all signaling circuits within a cell and their dysregulation has been shown to play an essential role in the development and progression of cancer. Here, after a brief description of the miRNA genomics, biogenesis and function, we discuss the effects of miRNA deregulation in the cellular pathways that lead to the progressive conversion of normal cells into cancer cells and the potential to develop new molecular miRNA-targeted therapies.

Retracted: MircoRNA‐1275 promotes proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells via SERPINE1

“…It is generally considered that miRNAs exert their activities at the post‐transcriptional level. They can bind to 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR) of the mRNAs transcribed from their target genes, and therefore led to mRNA degradation or repression of protein translation 6. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been confirmed to be strongly related with tumorigenesis, and miRNAs work as tumour promoters or suppressors due to regulation of different target genes 7.…”

Dysregulation of microRNA biogenesis and gene silencing in cancer

“…The first appreciation of the role of miRNAs in human disease came from studies of miRNA function in cancer cells (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The earliest observation that provided a potential link between miRNA and tumor biology was the phenotype of lin-4 and let-7 loss-of-function mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans.…”

“…MiRNAs that modulate a diverse array of biological functions that are critical to either promote or suppress cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and treatment response (7,8) are often mutated or aberrantly expressed in cancer cells. Although some miRNAs that suppress cancer development and progression [such as miR-200, which promotes the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, or let-7, which promotes cellular differentiation] may act as master regulators, others may serve the more modest function of stabilizing complex networks that maintain cellular homeostasis or the appropriate and measured response to changes in the cellular environment (7,8).…”

“…Although some miRNAs that suppress cancer development and progression [such as miR-200, which promotes the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, or let-7, which promotes cellular differentiation] may act as master regulators, others may serve the more modest function of stabilizing complex networks that maintain cellular homeostasis or the appropriate and measured response to changes in the cellular environment (7,8). Below, we describe a few well-characterized examples of miRNA regulatory networks and their relevance to human tumors.…”

Osteosarkoma pediatrikoarekiko suszeptibilitatean inplikatuta dauden aldaera genetikoak

“…Esan bezala, orain arte, ncRNAen artean miRNAk dira minbizian gehien aztertuak. Frogatu da miRNAk ez direla berdin espresatzen tumore-ehunetan eta ehun osasuntsuetan [43][44][45]; orokorrean, azpi-adierazita daude tumore-ehunetan [46]. Azterketa horiek miRNAk bi taldetan sailkatzea ahalbidetu dute minbizian joka dezaketen funtzioaren arabera: onkomirrak (minbizian gain-adierazita dauden miRNAk) eta miRNA tumore-ezabatzaileak (minbizian azpi-adierazita dauden miRNAk).…”