MicroRNAs in Solid Tumors

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that hybridize to mRNAs inducing either translation repression or mRNA cleavage. MiRNAs regulate a variety of biological processes in the cell, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and their abnormal expression levels are closely associated with pathogenesis of cancers. In this scenario, several high-throughput technologies studies have revealed miRNA roles in classifying tumors and predicting patient outcome with high accuracy. Because of their ability to concurrently target multiple pathways miRNA-based anticancer therapies are being developed, either alone or in combination with current targeted therapies, with the goal to improve the response and increase cure rates. Here, we highlight recent advances on the use of miRNAs as a potential approach for diagnosis and prognosis of solid cancer.

17O hydrogen burning at the energies of classical nova at LUNA

“…measured also the 183.3 keV resonance strength obtaining a value of ωγ = (1.67 ± 0.12)µeV. The LUNA results allow to reduce the uncertainties in the production of oxygen and fluorine isotopes in novae from 50% to 10% reaching the value requested by the stellar models for this astrophysical scenario [15].…”

“…A HPGe detector in close geometry (1.45 cm from the target position) was used to detect the prompt gammas. It was calibrated by using radioactive sources and the 278 keV resonance of the 14 N(p,γ) 15 at several distances and it contributed for a final systematic error of 3.5%. The detector was surrounded with 10 cm lead in order to reduce the environmental background below 3 MeV in the γ-spectrum, since the reaction also produced low energy γs from the transitions to the 1080 keV and 937 keV 18 F levels.…”

Sensing miRNAs for Disease Diagnostics

“…[68] "All analyzed tumors have exhibited a specific miRNA signature, termed the miRNome, that characterizes the malignant state and defines some of their clinicopathological features (e. g., grade, stage, sex, age, aggressiveness, vascular invasion, proliferation index)." [69] MiRNAs from different samples have idiographic signatures. Plasma and serum are the most common types of body fluids in clinic.…”

MiR-644a Disrupts Oncogenic Transformation and Warburg Effect by Direct Modulation of Multiple Genes of Tumor-Promoting Pathways

“…miRNAs regulate gene expression by guiding the association between the RNA-induced silencing complex and target mRNAs (11). Numerous miRNAs regulate expression of genes involved in cell cycle, organogenesis, energy balance, and development, thus affecting cell proliferation, differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and cell death, as well as many other cellular functions (12). Depending upon the differential expression of miRNAs in a given cell and tissue, miRNAs either promote oncogenesis (oncomiRs) or act as tumor suppressors (13).…”