Microsampling of biological fluids for elemental and isotopic analysis by ICP-MS: strategies and applications for disease diagnosis

Abstract

Strategies for microsample collection of fluids & introduction into an ICP-MS aiming at elemental and isotopic determination for disease diagnosis purposes.

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

“…To overcome this problem, they considered the need to improve laboratory performance through regularparticipation in EQA schemes with metrologically traceable assigned values, that would highlight biases and provide support for their correction. The primary reference measurement method used to assign values to the EQA samples was based on ID-SF-ICP-MS, using 37 Cl and a complex sample preparation involving protein precipitation and separation of Cl from the remaining matrix by precipitation as AgCl. To avoid contamination, all experimental work was carried out in Class 100 low laminar ow fume hoods or in a Class 10000 clean room.…”

“…To avoid contamination, all experimental work was carried out in Class 100 low laminar ow fume hoods or in a Class 10000 clean room. Sample and calibration blends were prepared gravimetrically by spiking 0.3 g of either human serum or the Cl standard solution, prepared from NIST SRM 919b (sodium chloride), with appropriate amounts of the enriched 37 Cl solution, to an approximate 37 Cl : 35 Cl ratio of 1 : 1. Aer overnight equilibration, the serum blends were diluted to 10 mL with 1% HNO 3 followed by addition of 1 mL ammonium molybdate (50 g L −1 ) and le to rest for 10 min, prior to two precipitation steps.…”

“…Sample introduction strategies for sampling small volumes of biological uids for ICP-MS analysis were the focus of a review paper this year and encompassed microow nebulisers coupled with small spray chambers, total consumption systems, owinjection, ETV and sampling of dried matrix spots by LA. 37 Representative applications, including in blood, CSF, intraocular uids, urine, saliva, lacrimal uid and sweat, were also presented. Sample introduction is a key area of development in time resolved ICP-MS analysis, which includes scICP-MS and spICP-MS.…”

“…Strategies for the microsampling of biological fluids for elemental and isotopic analysis by ICP-MS have been reviewed. 37 The reviewers divided samples into those requiring invasive procedures (blood, CSF, intraocular fluids, foetal urine, follicular, amniotic, peritoneal and synovial fluids) and those allowing non-invasive collection (urine, saliva, lacrimal fluid, nasal exudate, seminal fluid, breast milk and sweat). For each type of sample, the various (limited) options for collection were discussed together with the nature of the elemental information that can be obtained and how it may be related to various diseases.…”

Facets of ICP-MS and their potential in the medical sciences—Part 1: fundamentals, stand-alone and hyphenated techniques

“…Especially microsampling of biological fluids seems to become more relevant to ensure minimal invasive procedures and to target scarce fluids. A recent review by Aranaz et al [ 89 ] provides an overview of relevant techniques, specimens and their potential diagnostic values.…”