Microsatellite instability in the insulin–like growth factor II receptor gene in gastrointestinal tumours

M6P/IGF2R is mutated in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

“…Alleles are de®ned as A1 and A2 for the informative patients and A1/A2 for the non-informative patient. Arrowhead marks the lost allele; faint band due to contaminating normal stromal tissue and/or PCR artifact Souza et al, 1996), and it is also mutated in approximately 25% of hepatocellular carcinomas . A deoxyguanine insertion into the poly-G region of the M6P/IGF2R indicates this region may also be a target of MI in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung.…”

Microsatellite instability and the PTEN1 gene mutation in a subset of early onset gliomas carrying germline mutation or promoter methylation of the hMLH1 gene

“…The 24 microsatellite markers examined were BAT25T, BAT26T, D2S123, D5S346, D10S189, D10S191, D10S507, D10S509, D10S547, D10S552, D10S558, D10S585, D10S591, D10S594, D10S602, D10S1136, D10S1649, D10S1653, D10S1664, D10S1691, D10S1713, D10S1714, D10S1751 and D17S250. Primer sequences for the mononucleotide repeats at the TGFb RII, BAX, IGFIIR and E2F4 genes were described by others (Markowitz et al, 1995;Souza et al, 1996;Rampino et al, 1997;Yoshitaka et al, 1996).…”

The αE-catenin gene (CTNNA1) acts as an invasion-suppressor gene in human colon cancer cells

“…Remarkably, HNPCC tumours and cell lines derived therefrom are pseudodiploid in stead of aneuploid (Shibata et al, 1994;Kouri et al, 1990;Frei, 1992). They lack one or more DNA repair enzymes (Rhyu, 1996), explaining the multiplicity of mutations, as evidenced by microsatellite instability and by sequencing of genes such as APC, HPRT, TGFb1-RII, IGF,-IIR and p53 (Bhattacharyya et al, 1994(Bhattacharyya et al, , 1995Lazar et al, 1994;Markowitz et al, 1995;Parsons et al, 1995;Souza et al, 1996). These mutations are considered to be relatively early events and they tend to persist during tumour development (Kinzler and Vogelstein, 1996;Rhyu, 1996).…”