Microscale evaluation of epoxy matrix composites containing thermoplastic healing agent

Guerra, Érick S.S.; Silva, Bruna L.; Melo, José Daniel Diniz; Kalinka, Gerhard; Barbosa, Ana Paula Cysne

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109843

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…8 Alterations in the epoxy network formation due to the presence of EMAA were already evidenced by infrared spectroscopy, DSC, and kinetics of cure analysis. 22 The thermal stability of EMAA during processing temperatures and self-healing cycles was already confirmed in a previous study. 12 EMAA particles (15 wt.%) with approximately 250-425 μm were added directly to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with triethylene tetramine (TETA) and the ability of the new healing agent to recover fracture strength on damaged epoxy resin when heated at 150 C for 30 min was evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In this case, as the material is heated, the expansion of the bubbles is one of factors responsible for delivering EMAA into the crack plane. 19,22,23 Particle size distribution was evaluated using XCT. Table 3 shows results of mean and maximum particle size for specimens of each group.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,19 The use of poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) as healing agent for epoxy networks has been proposed in various works with recovery of properties. 11,14,15,17,[19][20][21][22][23] The thermoplastic must have melting point and viscosity that provide flow into the crack plane besides chemically reactive functional groups with the groups of the thermoset matrix. In addition, good adhesive properties, providing strong bonding with the matrix during crack repair, are also found in EMAA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of particle size and particle concentration of poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) on properties of epoxy resin

Nascimento,

Trappe,

Pavasaryte

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Self‐healing polymers have been developed to improve durability and reduce costs associated with maintenance during service. The addition of thermoplastics to thermosets to produce mendable polymers appears as a promising self‐healing technique. In this study, poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA) was added to epoxy resin and the effects of EMAA addition on epoxy properties were evaluated. Specimens with two different contents of thermoplastic and particles sizes were manufactured. A two‐level full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of particle size and particle content on properties of epoxy modified with addition of EMAA. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used and the evaluated responses were tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and glass transition temperature (Tg). X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) was used to investigate particle size and concentration after manufacturing. It was found that the particle concentration has greater effects on stress–strain behavior of epoxy while Tg was not significantly affected by neither of the analyzed entrance variables.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of particle size and particle concentration of poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) on properties of epoxy resin

Nascimento,

Trappe,

Pavasaryte

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…Healing agent concentrations of 10 and 20 wt.% were set in relation to the amount of resin in the composite material. These concentrations were chosen because they are the most commonly employed in studies using thermoplastics as healing agents in CFRPs [14,15]. The composites with plain carbon fibre or PMMA-coated carbon fibres were prepared using vacuum-assisted resin infusion moulding (VARI) (Table 1).…”

Section: Composite Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of EMAA has shown high healing efficiency due to its high coefficient of thermal expansion and covalent cross-linking with epoxy resin [13]. EMAA has been incorporated into composites as discrete particles [14,15], films [16], meshes [17], filaments [18,19], or porous membranes [20]. Other thermoplastics that have been investigated for use in self-healing materials include ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), poly(ethylene-coglycidyl)-methacrylate (PEGMA), poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), styrene-ethylene-butadiene copolymer (SEBS), and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(methyl methacrylate) as Healing Agent for Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites

et al. 2023

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Self-healing materials offer a potential solution to the problem of damage to fibre-reinforced plastics (FRPs) by allowing for the in-service repair of composite materials at a lower cost, in less time, and with improved mechanical properties compared to traditional repair methods. This study investigates for the first time the use of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a self-healing agent in FRPs and evaluates its effectiveness both when blended with the matrix and when applied as a coating to carbon fibres. The self-healing properties of the material are evaluated using double cantilever beam (DCB) tests for up to three healing cycles. The blending strategy does not impart a healing capacity to the FRP due to its discrete and confined morphology; meanwhile, coating the fibres with the PMMA results in healing efficiencies of up to 53% in terms of fracture toughness recovery. This efficiency remains constant, with a slight decrease over three subsequent healing cycles. It has been demonstrated that spray coating is a simple and scalable method of incorporating a thermoplastic agent into an FRP. This study also compares the healing efficiency of specimens with and without a transesterification catalyst and finds that the catalyst does not increase the healing efficiency, but it does improve the interlaminar properties of the material.

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Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) coated carbon fiber for self-healing composites

Peñas-Caballero¹,

Chemello²,

Grande³

et al. 2023

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Microscale evaluation of epoxy matrix composites containing thermoplastic healing agent

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of particle size and particle concentration of poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) on properties of epoxy resin

Effects of particle size and particle concentration of poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) on properties of epoxy resin

Poly(methyl methacrylate) as Healing Agent for Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) coated carbon fiber for self-healing composites

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