Microscopical Observations on the Contents of the Cotton Fiber Lumen

Catlett, Mamie S.; Giuffria, Ruth; Moore, Anna T.; Rollins, Mary L.

doi:10.1177/004051755102101205

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The noncellulosic components are concentrated in the primary cell wall and lumen of the cotton fiber. Catlett and co-workers used microscopy to demonstrate removal of solid material from the lumen by dilute alkali and Tripp and co-workers used electron microscopy to show the removal of noncellulosics from the primary cell wall by alkaline kiering [8,48].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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The chemical compositions of four cottons from a 1982 washed cotton study conducted by the Industry/Government/Union Task Force for Byssinosis Prevention were established by proximate and elemental analyses. The four cotton samples were an unwashed control grown in Mississippi and the corresponding washed, bleached, and scoured/bleached processed cottons. The proximate analyses consisted of serial solvent extractions that furnished data on moisture, water extractables, ethanol extractables, ethanolamine extractables, cellulose, and insoluble residue. Ash production was also measured for the four cotton lint samples. Elemental analyses were performed by x-ray fluorescence for potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen. The analyses demonstrate that the water wash and the scouring procedure are responsible for substantially increasing the purity of the cotton fiber. The level of water extractables was reduced by the water washing process, while the level of ethanolamine extractables was reduced by the scouring process. The washed cotton sample contained much smaller amounts of potassium and magnesium compounds than the unwashed control. Ash was reduced to approximately the same level by each of the washing processes.The nitrogen and calcium contents dropped steadily with increasing severity of processing conditions. The changes in chemical composition of cotton lint on processing are related to the layered structured of the cotton fiber. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, have determined the effects that dusts from these cottons have on pulmonary function in a group of human volunteers through measurements of the change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) on exposure to dust generated by carding the cotton samples. All three processed cottons were considerably less active than the unwashed control. Many of the chemical composition parameters showed a marked decrease with water washing alone.In 1973, Merchant and co-workers reported a series oaf experiments demonstrating that thorough washing of cotton prior to carding in a textile mill completely eliminated the biological activity of card dust in a human panel [30]. They also found that carding washed cotton generated a lower fine dust concentration (0.16 mg/m3) than carding raw cotton (0.89 Mg/M3), but the washed cotton was difficult to process in the mill. Since that time, human challenge experiments with dust from a variety of washed and raw cottons have shown that washing cotton prior to carding substantially reduces its ability to cause lung function decrements [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 31, 34, 39], while processing experiments have corroborated the work of Merchant et al. in decreased dust production by washed cotton [5, 23, 26, 27, 36, , 37, 39, 45]. The Cotton Quality Research Station, USDA, Clemson, South Carolina and the Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia, have conducted several washed c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen is present in the primary cell wall of the fiber and in the fiber lumen. The cotton fiber lumen contains 4.45% nitrogen by dry weight [8], while isolated cell wall preparations contain 1.9-2.8% nitrogen [49]. Tripp and co-workers attributed most of this to protein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analyses of Washed, Bleached, and Scoured and Bleached Cotton Fiber

Domelsmith

Berni

Cocke

1986

Textile Research Journal

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“…When the cotton fiber reaches maturity, about 35 days after the primary wall and cuticle cease to extend, syneresis begins. The cell sap is lost, and the residual protoplasm is left in the elongated opening in the center of the fiber [8]. This central opening in the fiber is known as the lumen ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Lumpenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Plant Production and Properties of Cyanoethylated Cotton'

Compton

Martin

Word

et al. 1955

Textile Research Journal

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TEXTILE fiber engineering has been aided in recent years by the improvement of natural fibers and the development of new textile fibers. Although much credit is due to the plant and animal breeders who have developed new varieties and strains, the present discussion is concerned primarily with the development of new textile fibers. The new textile fibers may be placed in three categories:1. Man-modified natural textile fibers, characterized by the preservation of the intrinsic elements of fiber structure while conferring additional functional properties to the fiber.2. Man-made textile fibers derived from natural textile fibers by chemical reactions which either permanently or temporarily modify the bonding forces between the intrinsic elements of fiber structure so that disruption may be induced, following . which a new arrangement of certain of these structural elements into fibers may be effected.3. Man-made textile fibers derived from synthetic polymeric materials which have certain structural features and functional properties characteristic of man-modified and man-made fiber derived from natural polymeric materials.The discovery of the mercerization process by Mercer [29] in 1844, and the improvements by Lowe [26] in 1889 are illustrative of the early work directed toward the development of new textile fibers falling in the first category. A somewhat different approach to this problem involving the permanent attachment of various chemical groups to the basic unit of fiber structure of the cellulose molecule has been made in recent years. The two chemical processes which are now being explored on a pilot plant scale are cyanoethylation [12] and acetylation ( 18] of the cotton fiber. Since the cyanoethylation of cotton by treatment with acrylonitrile causes the least disruption of the intrinsic fiber structure, this method best illustrates this approach to the general problem of the chemical modification of cotton ( 10] . The first man-made fiber from nitrocellulose by Count Hilaire de Chardonnet [151 in 1884, as well as the fibers produced by the cuprammonium [39], viscose [ 14] , and acetate (31, 38] processes are representative of the textile fibers in the second category. The third category of fibers includes such textile fibers as nylon, introduced to the trade in 1938, and the more recently developed fibers Orlon (Du Pont Fig. 1. Single cotton fiber, 1 ~'Íwin&dquo; staple. Fig. 2. Single cotton fiber showing convolutions.

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“…We also thank R. Smith and D. A [2] and the primary wall ['1, 8] of the cotton fiber; it has been assumed that this is the residual dead protoplasm from biosynthesis. Only a very small part of the cotton fiber is protein (typical value, 1.3%).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] ; and 3 : Cotton (Paymaster 909) which had been picked and freeze dried 14 days postanthesisl (= cotton-14). Lumen was attempted to be prepared by the method of Catlett et al- [2] without success.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%