Microseismicity, tectonics and seismic potential in the Western Himalayan segment, NW Himalaya, India

Parija, Mahesh Prasad; Kumar, S. V.; Tiwari, V. M.; Rao, N. Purnachandra; Kumar, Narendra; Biswal, Shubhasmita; Singh, Iqbal

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.03.016

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…These are the Kangra earthquake of 1905 (Mw 7.8), the Kinnaur earthquake of 1975 (Ms 6.8), the Uttarkashi earthquake of 1991 (Mb 6.5), and the Chamoli earthquake of 1999 (Mb 6.4). These seismic activities manifest the largescale subsurface deformation and weak zones, which can produce significantly larger events in the Himalayas [32], which could as well have happened in the past [23,24,[33][34][35][36]. Therefore, to have deeper insights into the ongoing deformation beneath these tectonically unstable zones, a 20station broadband seismic array was deployed in the NW Himalayan region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Mantle Anisotropy beneath the Western Segment, NW Indian Himalaya, Using Shear Wave Splitting

et al. 2020

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This study investigates the upper mantle deformation pattern beneath the Indo-Eurasia collision zone utilizing the core-refracted (S(K)KS) phases from 167 earthquakes recorded by 20 broadband seismic stations deployed in the Western Himalaya. The 76 new shear wave splitting measurements reveal that the fast polarization azimuths (FPAs) are mainly oriented in the ENE-WSW direction, with the delay times varying between 0.2 and 1.7 s. The FPAs at most of the stations tend to be orthogonal to the major geological boundaries in the Western Himalaya. The average trend of the FPAs at each station indicates that the seismic anisotropy is primarily caused due to strain-induced deformation in the top ~200 km of the upper mantle as a result of the ongoing Indo-Eurasian collision. A contribution from the mantle flow in the direction of the Indian plate motion is possible. The mantle strain revealed in the present study may be due to a combination of basal shear resulting from plate motion and ductile flow along the collision front due to compression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Mantle Anisotropy beneath the Western Segment, NW Indian Himalaya, Using Shear Wave Splitting

et al. 2020

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“…(2018), and Parija et al. (2018). Dashed lines highlight areas of deep seismicity associated with the Hindu‐Kush deep seismic zone and the Indo‐Burman subduction zone and also the northern boundary of the Tibetan plateau.…”

Section: Geophysical Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Where Indian material is underthrust beneath the Tibetan plateau, a narrowing tongue of seismicity extends beneath the Himalayas and southern Tibet following the Indian lower crust and Moho (Monsalve et al, 2006;Schulte-Pelkum et al, 2019), gradually dying out at 400-500 km north of the Himalayan front (Craig et al, 2012;Priestley et al, 2008). These Reynolds et al (2015), Kufner et al (2016), Mendoza et al (2016), Ainscoe et al (2017), Diehl et al (2017), Gibbons and Kvaerna (2017), Huang et al (2017), Negi et al (2017), Kanna et al (2018), and Parija et al (2018). Dashed lines highlight areas of deep seismicity associated with the Hindu-Kush deep seismic zone and the Indo-Burman subduction zone and also the northern boundary of the Tibetan plateau.…”

Section: Geophysical Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling Geophysical and Petrological Estimates of the Thermal Structure of Southern Tibet

Craig

Kelemen

Hacker

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The thermal structure of the Tibetan plateau—the largest orogenic system on Earth—remains largely unknown. Numerous avenues provide fragmentary pressure/temperature information, both at the present (predominantly informed though geophysical observation) and on the evolution of the thermal structure over the recent past (combining petrological, geochemical, and geophysical observables). However, these individual constraints have proven hard to reconcile with each other. Here, we show that models for the simple underthrusting of India beneath southern Tibet are capable of matching all available constraints on its thermal structure, both at the present day and since the Miocene. Many parameters in such models remain poorly constrained, and we explore the various trade‐offs among the competing influences these parameters may have. However, three consistent features to such models emerge: (i) that present‐day geophysical observations require the presence of relatively cold underthrust Indian lithosphere beneath southern Tibet; (ii) that geochemical constraints require the removal of Indian mantle from beneath southern Tibet at some point during the early Miocene, although the mechanism of this removal, and whether it includes the removal of any crustal material, is not constrained by our models; and (iii) that the combination of the southern extent of Miocene mantle‐derived magmatism and the present‐day geophysical structure and earthquake distribution of southern Tibet require that the time‐averaged rate of underthrusting of India relative to central Tibet since the middle Miocene has been faster than it is at present.

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“…The depth cross-section (AB) is characterized by positive stress changes from the surface down to 40 km depth for all three computational depths (Figure 3). The presence of earthquakes down to 40 km depth suggests that the entire crust is seismogenic (Parija et al (2018)) beneath the epicenter of the 1975 Kinnaur earthquake. These observations indicate that this earthquake is not the only one responsible for the stress changes in the region.…”

Section: The 1975 Kinnaur Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seismic part of the MHT lies beneath the Siwalik and Lesser Himalayas, while the aseismic part of it lies beneath the Higher Himalayas, a ramp structure connects both parts. The latter, named the mid‐crustal ramp (MCR), has a dip angle of ∼16° (Caldwell et al., 2013; Parija et al., 2018). For large earthquakes, the locking depth along the Himalaya is marked by a line of microseismicity that follows the transition from the locked to the creeping upper surface of the Indian plate throughout the length of the Himalaya and which also follows the 3.5 km elevation contour line (Avouac, 2003; Bollinger et al., 2004) closely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coulomb Stress Modeling and Seismicity in the Western Himalaya, India Since 1905: Implications for the Incomplete Ruptures of the Main Himalayan Thrust

et al. 2021

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The continuing convergence between India and the Eurasian plate at an average rate of 17 mm/yr (Bilham, 2019) has given rise to the mighty Himalaya mountain range and the Tibetan Plateau. Geologically, from south to north the Himalaya is divided into four major east-west structural tectonic divisions bounded by different faults (Figure 1). From south to north, we denote: (a) the Himalayan Frontal Thrust or the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), which lies between the sediments of the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Siwalik Himalaya; (b) the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) that lies between the Siwalik and Lesser Himalayas; (c) the Main Central Thrust (MCT), located between the Lesser and Higher Himalayas, and (d) the South Tibet Detachment (STD) that lies between the Higher and Tethys Himalayas. The Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) marks the northern boundary of the Tethys Himalaya (Chatterjee et al., 2013;Hebert et al., 2012). Seeber and Armbuster (1981) proposed that the convergence in the Himalaya is accommodated by the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), a decollement acting as a root to all three splay faults: the MCT, MBT, and

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Microseismicity, tectonics and seismic potential in the Western Himalayan segment, NW Himalaya, India

Cited by 11 publications

References 74 publications

Upper Mantle Anisotropy beneath the Western Segment, NW Indian Himalaya, Using Shear Wave Splitting

Upper Mantle Anisotropy beneath the Western Segment, NW Indian Himalaya, Using Shear Wave Splitting

Reconciling Geophysical and Petrological Estimates of the Thermal Structure of Southern Tibet

Coulomb Stress Modeling and Seismicity in the Western Himalaya, India Since 1905: Implications for the Incomplete Ruptures of the Main Himalayan Thrust

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