Microsomic and macrosomic body structure in children and adolescents affected by syndromes or diseases associated with neurodysfunction

Abstract

In Poland the issue of microsomic body structure (micro-SBS) and macrosomic body structure (macro-SBS) has so far been overlooked. Up until now only a small amount of data have been published, most often as an overview of the problem. The current study was designed to investigate the co-occurrence of microsomic/macrosomic body structure (micro/macro-SBS) and congenital nervous system disorders or neurological syndromes with symptoms visible from infancy, based on essential data acquired during admission procedures at a neurological rehabilitation ward for children and adolescents. The study applied a retrospective analysis of data collected during hospitalization of 327 children and adolescents, aged 4–18 years who had been affected since infancy by congenital disorders of the nervous system and/or neurological syndromes associated with a minimum of one neurodysfunction. To identify subjects with microsomic or macrosomic body structure in the group of children and adolescents, the adopted criteria took into account z-score values for body height (z-score Ht), body weight (z-score Wt), head circumference (z-score HC), BMI (z-score BMI) and head circumference index (z-score HCI). The rates of micro/macro-SBS in the study group amounted to 7.3% and 0.6%, respectively. The findings show a more frequent co-occurrence of, as well as statistically significant correlations between, micro/macro-SBS and type of spasticity (cerebral palsy) (p = 0.024) as well as hydrocephalus not treated surgically (p < 0.001). Macro-SBS was found to more frequently co-occur with hemiplegia and hydrocephalus not treated surgically.

Nutritional Disorders in a Group of Children and Adolescents with Syndromes or Diseases Involving Neurodysfunction

“…The division of the examined group of children and adolescents with neurodysfunction into subgroups proposed by the authors has already been presented [ 15 , 24 , 40 , 41 ]. It is important from a methodological point of view because it allowed to show statistically significant relationships within the specified subgroups, such as, for example, spastic CP [ 15 , 24 ]; NTDs or between subgroups, for example, such as NTDs; NMD out of seven subgroups [ 24 , 40 ]; and NPE out of three subgroups [ 24 ].…”

“…It was also important to consider the coexistence of hypothyroidism and epilepsy [ 15 , 24 , 40 ]. The following developmental disorders were examined in the described group and subgroups: microcephaly and macrocephaly [ 40 ], relative/absolute microcephaly and relative/absolute macrocephaly [ 24 ], short stature and tall stature [ 40 ], microsomia and macrosomia [ 41 ]. Eating disorders have not been presented so far.…”

Somatic Development Disorders in Children and Adolescents Affected by Syndromes and Diseases Associated with Neurodysfunction and Hydrocephalus Treated/Untreated Surgically

“…As an example, growth disorders may be reflected by two opposing conditions: short stature and tall stature [11][12][13]. Based on the assessment of the varied weight-height ratios, it is possible to evaluate the nutritional status [14][15][16]. In clinical conditions and scientific research, different definitions of somatic development disorders and various biological reference systems, or reference values, are intentionally used [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Based on the assessment of the varied weight-height ratios, it is possible to evaluate the nutritional status [14][15][16]. In clinical conditions and scientific research, different definitions of somatic development disorders and various biological reference systems, or reference values, are intentionally used [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The present study was designed as a continuation of previously reported research focusing on somatic development disorders in a group of children and adolescents with neurodysfunction [9][10][11]15,16].…”

“…In clinical conditions and scientific research, different definitions of somatic development disorders and various biological reference systems, or reference values, are intentionally used [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The present study was designed as a continuation of previously reported research focusing on somatic development disorders in a group of children and adolescents with neurodysfunction [9][10][11]15,16]. The prevalence of the above-mentioned somatic development disorders has already been determined in the entire study group [9][10][11]15,16].…”