Microsponge: An emerging drug delivery strategy

Abstract

Microsponges are the spherical particles ranging from 5 to 300 μm in size. These are further made up of clusters of smaller spheres. They are designed for delivering the drug efficiently at a comparatively lesser dose and enhancing the stability, modifying the drug release profile and minimizing the side effects. Microsponge drug delivery system decrease transdermal invasion of the active ingredient into the skin while increasing the time the drug remains on the skin surface or within the epidermis. Preparation of the microsponges includes two techniques: Liquid–liquid suspension polymerization and Quasi‐emulsion solvent diffusion method. Their characterization and evaluation can be done in many ways like particle‐size measurement and porosity, morphology, true density determination, analyzing the rheological properties, and dissolution studies. Present work focuses on the detailed study of the microsponge drug delivery system. This will help the reader to get all the information regarding the microsponge delivery systems.

Combination of metformin and luteolin synergistically protects carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity: Mechanism involves antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway

“…The cytokines cause reflective pathological changes in the advancement of hepatotoxicity. [50][51][52] Frequently, we found that CCl 4 suggestively expanded TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. 53,54 Interestingly, Met or Lut, especially in combination, expressively decreased the downstreaming inflammatory cascade.…”

“…Prior studies have referenced that CCl 4 worsens successions of inflammatory responses in the nearby zone of hepatic tissues by invigorating generation of inflammatory cytokines. The cytokines cause reflective pathological changes in the advancement of hepatotoxicity . Frequently, we found that CCl 4 suggestively expanded TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 expression .…”

Microsponges: A de novo Method for Colon Targeted Oral Drug Delivery

“…24 Schematic representation of the process is shown in Figure 3. 24,25 ''Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion'' 25 technique: Internal organic phase when dispersed in aqueous phase it forms the globules; further diffusion of solvent results in leaving the structure porous. The detailed description is given below with schematic representation in Figure 4.…”

“…The detailed description is given below with schematic representation in Figure 4. 25 • Preparation of Internal phase: It is an organic solution formed by dissolving drug, polymer and plasticizer in a miscible inert organic solvent. If necessary it is sonicated.…”

Overactivation of the sodium–calcium exchanger and transient receptor potential in anesthesia‐induced malignant hyperthermia

“…The search for another hopeful conceivably engaged with MH drove us to the TRPV1 channel. To date, despite the fact that assuming a broadly acknowledged role in nociception, this channel is not plainly connected to any inherited disease . Endeavors have been mostly centered around its suggestion in chronic pain disorders .…”