Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of Al/Ti joint welded by CMT method—Assisted hybrid magnetic field

Sun, Qingjie; Li, J.Z.; Liu, Y.B.; Li, B.P.; Xu, Peifei; Feng, Jicai

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.12.025

Cited by 86 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Generally, TiAl 3 IMC is preferable in FSWed Al/Ti joints because the TiAl 3 phase is the only transient phase when the reaction temperature is lower than the melting point of Al [44]. Thermodynamically, the free energy of formation of TiAl 3 is also the minimum among Ti 3 Al, TiAl, and TiAl 3 compounds [8]. In the current study, TiAl 3 IMC has also been observed in the stir zone, which exists in two features, layer-like and particle-like.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the dissimilar joining of aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) alloys has been widely used in the manufacturing of lightweight hybrid structures [4][5][6]. However, joining these two alloys is a considerable challenge because of their different physical properties, limited mutual solubility, and formation of brittle intermetallic phases in the Al-Ti alloying system [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several solid-state joining processes, such as friction stir welding (FSW) [11]; diffusion bonding [12,13]; and fusion welding with filler metals, such as laser welding [10,14,15] and arc welding [8,16], were thus developed for dissimilar joining to overcome the difficulties mentioned above. Among these, an innovative solid-state spot welding process, friction stir spot welding (FSSW), is a promising method that can reduce the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) because of its low processing temperature, and has various advantages, such as a simple process, as well as being environment-friendly and energy efficient [5,6,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friction Stir Spot Welding-Brazing of Al and Hot-Dip Aluminized Ti Alloy with Zn Interlayer

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2018

Metals

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Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of Al to Ti alloys has broad applications in the aerospace and automobile industries, while its narrow joining area limits the improvement of mechanical properties of the joint. In the current study, an Al-coating was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy by hot-dipping prior to joining, then a Zn interlayer was used during friction stir joining of as-coated Ti alloy to the 2014-Al alloy in a lap configuration to introduce a brazing zone out of the stir zone to increase the joining area. The microstructure of the joint was investigated, and the joint strength was compared with the traditional FSSW joint to confirm the advantages of this new process. Because of the increase of the joining area, the maximum fracture load of such joint is 110% higher than that of the traditional FSSW joint under the same welding parameters. The fracture load of these joints depends on the joining width, including the width of solid-state bonding region in stir zone and brazing region out of stir zone.optimize the mechanical properties of the joint [17][18][19][20][21]. Unavoidably, the traditional FSSW would leave a keyhole that reduces its bonding area [22]. Although some modified processes for FSSW, such as refill FSSW [23], flat FSSW [24], and short travel FSSW [25], have attempted to eliminate this visible keyhole, they are complicated and time-consuming owing to the rigorous welding conditions and/or complex tool design. Recently, friction stir brazing (FSSB) has been developed by using a pinless tool and adding brazing filler metal to induce metallurgical reaction at the interface with the aid of friction heat and forging pressure, instead of plastic flow [22]. This technique has successfully introduced a brazing zone in dissimilar joints of steel/Al [26], Cu/Al [27], and Al /Mg [28], while FSSB of Al and Ti alloys is yet to be reported.This work aims to find an effective approach to improve the joining area of the Al/Ti joint by combining FSSW and FSSB. Zinc (Zn) is an optional filler for FSSB of Al alloys as a result of its low melting point (420 • C), high solubility in Al, as well as absence of formation of IMCs in the Al-Zn alloying system [29][30][31][32]. During our preliminary study, a Zn interlayer was placed between the interface of 2014 Al and Ti6Al4V alloys for the FSSB process to determine their weldability. It was found that the high affinity of Ti towards oxygen led to the formation of non-protective oxide scales on the Ti6Al4V [33], resulting in poor wettability of Zn to Ti alloys and, therefore, failure to join Al and Ti alloys. Recently, using an electroplating process before the FSB process would produce a copper layer on the surface of graphite, which converted the graphite-copper lap joint to the similar joining of copper to copper [34]. This gives us an idea that pretreating the base metal will be a possible benefit for FSSB of Al and Ti.In the present paper, we utilized hot dip to aluminize T6Al4V alloys and developed a friction stir spot joining process, called friction stir spot w...

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Friction Stir Spot Welding-Brazing of Al and Hot-Dip Aluminized Ti Alloy with Zn Interlayer

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…Recently, welding-brazing technology has been employed to carry out the joining of dissimilar alloys, attributed to the excellent controllability of heat input and IMCs formation [23,24]. Previous Literatures have demonstrated that the welding-brazing technology has great advantages in the joining of heterogeneous metals with large melting point differences, for instance, Al/steel joint [25], Mg/Ti joint [26] and Mg/steel joint [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of welding-brazing of Al/ti butt joint with Zn foil additive

Cheng

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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TIG welding-brazing features of 5052 Al alloy and Ti6Al4V alloy in butt configuration with Zn foil additive were studied with varying welding heat input. The joint morphology, mechanical performance, microstructure and joining mechanism were investigated in terms of experiment observation and analysis. Results reveal that the TIG welding-brazing process was successfully developed to join 5052 Al alloy and Ti6Al4V alloy. With low heat input, a mass of residual Zn and a thin TiAl 3 IMCs layer occurred in the fusion area and brazing area respectively. And with optimal heat input, both the homogeneous diffusion of Zn atoms and the formation of clubbed interfacial reaction layer were beneficial to enhance joint performance. The optimized Al/Ti joint with the maximum joining strength of 192MPa was obtained under the current of 90A. Fracture occurred in the weld seam zone adjacent to the interface of Al/Ti and the fracture morphology was characterized by typical dimples and tearing ridges.

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“…The combination of materials imparts to the respective components or product the required properties of multiple materials, Sun et al (2017). This kind of joints was previously possible only by mechanical means or as glued joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Weld Joint of DX51D Steel with AlMg3 Alloy Made by CMT Welding Method

Dobrocký¹,

Dostál²,

Šustr³

et al. 2018

Manufacturing Technology

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The combination of steel and aluminum as a constructional material brings many benefits. Steel is characterized by strength and is suitable for components exposed to high stress. Aluminum is light and is suitable for less stressed parts. However, for technical and economic reasons, the arc welding of these materials has not been possible for a long time. The development of the technology that allows welding of steel with aluminum is linked to the requirements of the automotive industry. This is a process known as CMT -Cold Metal Transfer and refers to the low energy transition of the droplet during MIG/MAG welding. In this so-called "welding soldering", the base steel material is not melted, but merely wetted, whereas in the case of aluminum, a melt weld is formed. The advantage of this process is the lower heat input and consequently considerably less heat deformation. This paper deals with the analysis of the welded joint of the DX51D steel sheet with the Aluzinc layer and the AlMg3 alloy sheet made by CMT welding using the digitized inverter welding power from Fronius company. An AlSi5 welding wire of Ø 1.2 mm was chosen as an additive material. The used technology has led to the formation of a weld with a considerable porosity of the weld metal.

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Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of Al/Ti joint welded by CMT method—Assisted hybrid magnetic field

Cited by 86 publications

References 28 publications

Friction Stir Spot Welding-Brazing of Al and Hot-Dip Aluminized Ti Alloy with Zn Interlayer

Friction Stir Spot Welding-Brazing of Al and Hot-Dip Aluminized Ti Alloy with Zn Interlayer

Mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of welding-brazing of Al/ti butt joint with Zn foil additive

Analysis of Weld Joint of DX51D Steel with AlMg3 Alloy Made by CMT Welding Method

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