Microstructure and ablation performances of dual-matrix carbon/carbon composites

Ablation Performance of Carbon/Carbon Composite Throat after a Solid Rocket Motor Ground Ignition Test

“…3b, c) and matrix (Fig. 3d) were magnified, we observed ablation mechanism similar to those obtained on an arc heater [7]. i.e., ablation tends to start at interfaces, defects and pores; And pyrolytic carbon, resin-derived carbon flake off under severe ablation.…”

“…The ablation processes of C/C composite throats are very complicated because of the complexity and variability of thermal environment and ablation states [7,12,13]. Figure 2 shows a simulated steady-state temperature distribution of the C/C composite throat at one particular moment.…”

“…ablation properties of C/C composites can be studied using plasma ablation test, oxyacetylene torch, arc heating test, and/or ground ignition test [5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, the former three methods simulate relatively simple ablation conditions, unlike the real conditions of an operating SRM.…”

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Ablation Process of Carbon/Carbon Composites Using High Velocity Oxygen Fuel System

“…Farhan et al [4] showed three-dimensional C/C composites comprising four reinforcement directions (4D) densified using a hybrid densified process. The microstructure evolution process of the carbon matrix showed that the ablation mainly first occurred at the interfaces of the PyC and the active spots where interfaces crystal defects and impurity particles exist [2,5]. For 4D C/C composites, the ablation also starts at the weakest and porous primary carbon matrix, and it takes place in the following order: first in the primary carbon matrix, then in the fiber, and finally in the secondary carbon matrix [6].…”

“…Tzeng and Chr [1] investigated the evolution of microstructure and properties of phenolic resin-based carbon/carbon composites during pyrolysis at different temperatures up to 2500 ∘ C. Yin et al [2] found that the C/C composites have typical rough laminar pyrocarbon structure and ablation always tends to start at interfaces, defects, and pores. Deng et al [3] investigated densification behavior and microstructure evolution of C/C composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration method.…”