Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Nb-Si-Based Alloys for Ultrahigh Temperature Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Nb-Si-based superalloys are considered as the most promising high-temperature structural material to replace the Ni-based superalloys. Unfortunately, the poor oxidation resistance is still a major obstacle to the application of Nb-Si-based alloys. Alloying is a promising method to overcome this problem. In this work, the effects of Hf, Cr, Zr, B, and V on the oxidation resistance of Nb-Si-based superalloys were discussed. Furthermore, the microstructure, phase composition, and oxidation characteristics of Nb-Si series alloys were analyzed. The oxidation reaction and failure mechanism of Nb-Si-based alloys were summarized. The significance of this work is to provide some references for further research on high-temperature niobium alloys.

Erosion Behavior and Longevity Technologies of Refractory Linings in Blast Furnaces for Ironmaking: A Review

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] Investigations of BF damage have revealed that there are four main morphologies by which hearth erosion occurs, as shown in Figure 3. [4] The "mushroom" morphology (Figure 3a) arises when erosion mainly occurs on the sidewalls of the hearth. With the advancement of hearth design and refractory properties, this morphology is now rare.…”

“…The types and properties of commercial ceramic cup materials are summarized in Table 1. [4,18,56,57] Savoie Réfractaires (Saint-Gobain, France) produces several types of ceramic cup Adapted with permission. [29] Copyright 2014, Springer Nature.…”

“…As the largest type of single reactor, BFs play a key role in steel production. [ 3,4 ] There are more than 900 BFs in China, including several giant BFs such as the Shagang, Shougang Jingtang, and Baosteel BFs, which have capacities of 5800, 5500, and 5050 m 3 , respectively. [ 5 ] However, the costs of relining BFs are huge, which places a serious economic burden on iron and steel enterprises.…”

“…[ 6 ] Modern large BFs have a technical goal for the first campaign life of more than 20 years, with an iron output per unit furnace capacity of more than 15 000 t Fe m −3 . [ 4,5 ] In China, the Baosteel No. 3 and WISCO No.…”

“…The performances of long‐campaign‐life BFs are summarized and shown in Figure 1 a. [ 4–7 ] Compared to the world‐leading BFs in Japan and Germany, Chinese BFs have significantly shorter campaign lives. In recent years, there have been frequent occurrences of hearth burn through in China, which has reduced the campaign life, as shown in Figure 1b.…”