Microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of the solid-state recycled pure copper machining chips

Behnagh, Reza Abdi; Abdollahi, Hadi; Pour, Mohsen Agha Mohammad; Shahbazi, Bahman

doi:10.1177/1464420720957366

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the literature on re cling highlights that the efficiency of remelting-based recycling processes for meta scraps, including copper, is relatively low [51]. Therefore, an alternative approach to cycling copper chips without the need for a melting process can offer several advantag This includes the potential for increased economic profit and a reduction in the envir mental impact associated with the related industry [52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Producing Metal Powder from Machining Chips Using Ball Milling Process: A Review

et al. 2023

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In the pursuit of achieving zero emissions, exploring the concept of recycling metal waste from industries and workshops (i.e., waste-free) is essential. This is because metal recycling not only helps conserve natural resources but also requires less energy as compared to the production of new products from virgin raw materials. The use of metal scrap in rapid tooling (RT) for injection molding is an interesting and viable approach. Recycling methods enable the recovery of valuable metal powders from various sources, such as electronic, industrial, and automobile scrap. Mechanical alloying is a potential opportunity for sustainable powder production as it has the capability to convert various starting materials with different initial sizes into powder particles through the ball milling process. Nevertheless, parameter factors, such as the type of ball milling, ball-to-powder ratio (BPR), rotation speed, grinding period, size and shape of the milling media, and process control agent (PCA), can influence the quality and characteristics of the metal powders produced. Despite potential drawbacks and environmental impacts, this process can still be a valuable method for recycling metals into powders. Further research is required to optimize the process. Furthermore, ball milling has been widely used in various industries, including recycling and metal mold production, to improve product properties in an environmentally friendly way. This review found that ball milling is the best tool for reducing the particle size of recycled metal chips and creating new metal powders to enhance mechanical properties and novelty for mold additive manufacturing (MAM) applications. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on various parameters associated with ball milling to optimize the process of converting recycled copper chips into powder. This research will assist in attaining the highest level of efficiency and effectiveness in particle size reduction and powder quality. Lastly, this review also presents potential avenues for future research by exploring the application of RT in the ball milling technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, an alternative approach to recycling copper chips without the need for a melting process can offer several advantages. This includes the potential for increased economic profit and a reduction in the environmental impact associated with the related industry [ 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing Metal Powder from Machining Chips Using Ball Milling Process: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…For instance, the addition of chromium can increase the yield strength to 440 MPa but results in decreasing the conductivity to 80% IACS. 2,3 Thus, it can be seen that though alloying helps increase strength and improve corrosion resistance, it also results in decreased electrical conductivity. Hence, for applications where conductivity around 100% IACS is desired, the choice is limited to pure copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cryo-rolling on mechanical properties and microstructure of pure copper

Sivam

Rajendran

Harshavardhana

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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It is a challenging task to achieve high strength without any loss in its electrical conductivity in pure copper because commonly used strengthening mechanisms such as alloying, grain boundary strengthening, and dislocation, result in an increase in strength but simultaneously reduce its electrical conductivity. However, if strengthening is achieved by introducing twin boundaries, then the reduction in electrical conductivity is minimal. These twin boundaries can be introduced in pure copper by low-temperature plastic deformation. Thus, the main objectives of the present research work are to understand the evolution of the microstructure and the resulting mechanical property correlation during liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT) deformation and to compare it with room temperature (RT) deformation. For profile rolling analysis, copper is subjected to profile rolling at both RT and LNT rolling processes to a true strain of 1.77 with a step size of 0.11% strain. High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction coupled with orientation image mapping technique and transmission electron microscopy are used for microstructural characterization of the profile-rolled copper samples. The microstructural characterization reveals mechanical twins of 10–100 nm thickness in samples subjected to LNT, whereas there are no traces of mechanical twins in RT samples. The mechanical characterization by tensile test and hardness test shows that the samples deformed at LNT conditions have superior properties compared to RT.

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Microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of the solid-state recycled pure copper machining chips

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Producing Metal Powder from Machining Chips Using Ball Milling Process: A Review

Producing Metal Powder from Machining Chips Using Ball Milling Process: A Review

Effect of cryo-rolling on mechanical properties and microstructure of pure copper

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