Microwave-assisted esterification and transesterification of dairy scum oil for biodiesel production: kinetics and optimisation studies

Binnal, Prakash; Amruth, A.; Basawaraj, M. P.; Chethan, T. S.; Murthy, K. R. Siddalinga; Rajashekhara, S.

doi:10.1080/00194506.2020.1748124

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Increasing the ethanol to oil molar ratio from 1:6 to 1:9.36, the bio-jet fuel yield increases until an optimal point and then decreases. Similar trends have been reported in several studies [46]. As stated before, the stoichiometry of the transesterification requires three moles of alcohol to react with one mole of triglyceride.…”

Section: Effect Of the Parameter Effect Of The Ethanol To Oil Molar R...supporting

confidence: 89%

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Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)

et al. 2021

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In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achieved with an ethanol–oil molar ratio of 9.25:1 under microwave irradiation with a power of 163.69 W for 12.66 min. This predicted value was obtained from the ANN model that has been optimized with ACO. Besides that, the sensitivity analysis indicated that microwave power offers a dominant impact on the results, followed by the reaction time and lastly ethanol–oil molar ratio. The properties of the bio-jet fuel obtained in this work was also measured and compared with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D1655 standard.

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Section: Effect Of the Parameter Effect Of The Ethanol To Oil Molar R...supporting

confidence: 89%

“…As the result, biodiesel yield decreases as well as bio-jet fuel. [46]. As stated before, the stoichiometry of the transesterification requires three moles of alcohol to react with one mole of triglyceride.…”

Section: Effect Of the Parameter Effect Of The Ethanol To Oil Molar R...mentioning

confidence: 92%

Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, the dipole rotates at a very high speed under the changing electric field, which results in molecular friction and local superheating that further accelerates the esterification reaction to complete faster. [30] Unlike the conversion yield, the highest and the lowest mass yield were obtained at the molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:10, respectively. By increasing methanol ratio, more washing steps were required until the outlet water from the separatory funnel became transparent.…”

Section: Hao To Methanol Molar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 89%

Feasibility Study of Microwave‐Assisted Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil Refinery Waste

Alishahi

Golmakani

Niakousari

2021

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Vegetable oil refinery waste containing acid oil is used as an inexpensive feedstock for producing biodiesel by microwave-assisted esterification (MAE) method. Effects of some main variables such as free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio (1:1, 1:5, and 1:10), reaction time (5, 30, and 60 min), and catalyst concentration (1%, 2%, and 3%) on physicochemical properties of produced biodiesel are investigated. Optimum reaction conditions of MAE are free fatty acid:methanol molar ratio of 1:10, reaction time of 60 min, and a catalyst concentration of 3%, while having 95.79% conversion yield. By increasing the conversion yield of the biodiesel, density and color brightness increase, while viscosity and refractive index decrease. There are no significant differences between physicochemical and heating properties of biodiesel produced by MAE and magnetic stirrer esterification (MSE) methods. Meanwhile, energy consumption of MAE method is almost four times lower than that of MSE. MAE as a promising alternative to the conventional esterification method can be considered as an energy-efficient method for producing biodiesel from inexpensive vegetable oil refinery waste. Practical applications: Acid oil is an inexpensive by-product of alkali refining in vegetable oil plants that would pollute the environment if not rendered safely. In this study, MAE is used to convert acid oil to biodiesel as a practical process for bringing alkali refining waste into production cycle. Acid oil can provide a reduction in the cost of biodiesel production. In addition, application of energy-efficient MAE method can facilitate the economical production of biodiesel.

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“…Meanwhile, microwave technology can irradiate the electromagnetic energy directly to the molecular level for early chemical reaction (Mamo and Mekonnen, 2020). Research has shown that microwave energy transfer is faster and more efficient than conventional heating technology (Binnal et al, 2021;Mamo and Mekonnen, 2020). In the practical situation, it is essential to identify the dissipation factor of the material that is used in a microwave system because its efficiency of heat transfer depends on the ability of the material to absorb the electromagnetic energy and initiate the chemical reaction.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Biodiesel Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Recent Breakthrough Methods and Influential Parameters in the Biodiesel Synthesis and Purification

Silviana

Anggoro

Hadiyanto

et al. 2022

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Biodiesel has recently received much attention as an energy source with numerous benefits such as high degradability, negligible toxicity, and minimal emissions of carbon monoxide gases as well as particulates. Therefore, this research aims to compare, review, and summarize the conventional and advanced methods of biodiesel production. Currently, some emerging processes that were developed for advanced biodiesel production include microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasonic-assisted synthesis, supercritical transesterification, and liquid phase plasma discharge technology. The types of feedstocks, catalysts, and operating conditions as the influential parameters in biodiesel synthesis are also discussed. Moreover, in the purification process, the effectiveness of purification depends on the type of catalyst applied in the synthesis process. This research also reviewed and compared several commonly used purification methods such as wet and dry washing, ion exchange and precipitation, complexation, and membrane-based separation that have shown significant results along with the impacts of biodiesel production on environmental and economic sectors

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Microwave-assisted esterification and transesterification of dairy scum oil for biodiesel production: kinetics and optimisation studies

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)

Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)

Feasibility Study of Microwave‐Assisted Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil Refinery Waste

A Review on the Recent Breakthrough Methods and Influential Parameters in the Biodiesel Synthesis and Purification

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