Abstract:Solvent free microwave assisted synthesis of some novel substituted imidazoles of biological interest is reported. First, primary aromatic or heteryl amine was condensed with aryl or heteryl aldehydes to afford corresponding Schiff's base. The Schiff's base further on treatment with ammonium acetate (NH 4 OAC) and isatin using silica gel as the solid support, yielded the corresponding aryl imidazoles. In this paper a comparative study between the developed microwave method and conventional method is described.… Show more
“…Sharma et al [ 17 ] synthesized 2,3-disubstituted-3, 4-dihydroimidazo [4,5-b] indole (Scheme 6 ) and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumoniae by Kirby-Bauer disc technique using ciprofloxacin as reference drug. The conclusion of antimicrobial potential was presented in (Table 6 , Sharma et al [ 17 ]). Scheme 6 Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted-3,4-dihydroimidazo[4,5- b ]indole …”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The conclusion of antimicrobial potential was presented in (Table 6 , Sharma et al [ 17 ]). Scheme 6 Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted-3,4-dihydroimidazo[4,5- b ]indole …”
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety that possesses three carbon, two nitrogen, four hydrogen atoms, and two double bonds. It is also known as 1, 3-diazole. It contains two nitrogen atoms, in which one nitrogen bear a hydrogen atom, and the other is called pyrrole type nitrogen. The imidazole name was reported by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935) in 1887. 1, 3-diazole is an amphoteric in nature i.e. it shows both acidic and basic properties. It is a white or colorless solid that is highly soluble in water and other polar solvents. Due to the presence of a positive charge on either of two nitrogen atom, it shows two equivalent tautomeric forms. Imidazole was first named glyoxaline because the first synthesis has been made by glyoxal and ammonia. It is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. The derivatives of 1, 3-diazole show different biological activities such as antibacterial, antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, antipyretic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-amoebic, antihelmintic, antifungal and ulcerogenic activities, etc. as reported in the literature. There are different examples of commercially available drugs in the market which contains 1, 3-diazole ring such as clemizole (antihistaminic agent), etonitazene (analgesic), enviroxime (antiviral), astemizole (antihistaminic agent), omeprazole, pantoprazole (antiulcer), thiabendazole (antihelmintic), nocodazole (antinematodal), metronidazole, nitroso-imidazole (bactericidal), megazol (trypanocidal), azathioprine (anti rheumatoid arthritis), dacarbazine (Hodgkin's disease), tinidazole, ornidazole (antiprotozoal and antibacterial), etc. This present review summarized some pharmacological activities and various kinds of synthetic routes for imidazole and their derived products.
“…Sharma et al [ 17 ] synthesized 2,3-disubstituted-3, 4-dihydroimidazo [4,5-b] indole (Scheme 6 ) and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumoniae by Kirby-Bauer disc technique using ciprofloxacin as reference drug. The conclusion of antimicrobial potential was presented in (Table 6 , Sharma et al [ 17 ]). Scheme 6 Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted-3,4-dihydroimidazo[4,5- b ]indole …”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The conclusion of antimicrobial potential was presented in (Table 6 , Sharma et al [ 17 ]). Scheme 6 Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted-3,4-dihydroimidazo[4,5- b ]indole …”
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety that possesses three carbon, two nitrogen, four hydrogen atoms, and two double bonds. It is also known as 1, 3-diazole. It contains two nitrogen atoms, in which one nitrogen bear a hydrogen atom, and the other is called pyrrole type nitrogen. The imidazole name was reported by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935) in 1887. 1, 3-diazole is an amphoteric in nature i.e. it shows both acidic and basic properties. It is a white or colorless solid that is highly soluble in water and other polar solvents. Due to the presence of a positive charge on either of two nitrogen atom, it shows two equivalent tautomeric forms. Imidazole was first named glyoxaline because the first synthesis has been made by glyoxal and ammonia. It is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. The derivatives of 1, 3-diazole show different biological activities such as antibacterial, antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, antipyretic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-amoebic, antihelmintic, antifungal and ulcerogenic activities, etc. as reported in the literature. There are different examples of commercially available drugs in the market which contains 1, 3-diazole ring such as clemizole (antihistaminic agent), etonitazene (analgesic), enviroxime (antiviral), astemizole (antihistaminic agent), omeprazole, pantoprazole (antiulcer), thiabendazole (antihelmintic), nocodazole (antinematodal), metronidazole, nitroso-imidazole (bactericidal), megazol (trypanocidal), azathioprine (anti rheumatoid arthritis), dacarbazine (Hodgkin's disease), tinidazole, ornidazole (antiprotozoal and antibacterial), etc. This present review summarized some pharmacological activities and various kinds of synthetic routes for imidazole and their derived products.
“…Furthermore, medicinal chemists and molecular biologists are interested in understanding the specific mechanism of action of these drugs, as well as DNA damage in cancer cells. Many anticancer drugs, are intended to function by intercalating planar aromatic compounds into the DNA double helix and poisoning DNA topoisomerases I and/or II 9,10 .…”
Section: Saxena Et Al Green Synthesis Of Novel Imidazoles Derivativesmentioning
The imidazole derivatives are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings and produce significant various pharmacological activity like anticancer, antitubercular, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidepressant, antileishmanial activity and many more. The present study was planned to synthesize novel imidazoles and assess them as their anticancer and anthelmintic activity. To make an equivalent Schiff's base, sulfanilamide was first condensed with heteryl aldehydes. Using silica gel as a solid support, the Schiff's base was further treated with NH4OAC and acetylated/benzoylated isatin, yielding matching imidazoles. A comparison of the created microwave approach with the conventional method is discussed in this work. The physical and analytical data of synthesized compounds were studied, and were evaluated for their anticancer and anthelmintic activity. The findings demonstrated significant anticancer and anthelmintic activity of novel synthesized imidazoles compounds (1b – 8b). The synthesized imidazoles possessed significant cytotoxic activity against Hep-2 cell line. The findings suggested the microwave method was more appropriate for the synthesis of imidazoles compounds (1b – 8b).
“…The cleavage was found to proceed faster in ethanol [13]. Novel substituted imidazoles of biological interest have been obtained by treatment of a Schiff 's base with ammonium acetate and isatin using silica gel as solid support [14]. The microwave method was found to be better than the conventional method in terms of reaction time, yield, and the relatively simple method for performing parallel synthesis.…”
Section: Synthesis Of Imidazoles and Related Compoundsmentioning
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