Microwave digestion technique for the extraction of minerals from environmental marine sediments for analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry

Millward, C. G.; Kluckner, Paul D.

doi:10.1039/ja9890400709

Cited by 44 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The EPA 3052 (USEPA, 1996b) microwave digestion procedure was employed to determine total metal concentrations for mass balance estimation. Microwave methods are known to be rapid and give reproducible recovery with better precision than conventional hot plate digestion procedures (Millward and Kluckner, 1989). Briefly, a 0.5‐g aliquot of sieved air‐dried soil was mixed with 9 mL HNO 3 , 2 mL HF, and 3 mL HCl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and Distribution of Biosolids‐Derived Trace Metals in a Clay Loam Soil

et al. 2005

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The long-term mobility of trace metals has been cited as a potential hazard by critics of EPA 503 rule governing the land application of biosolids. The objectives of this study were to assess the accumulation of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn within the soil profile; the distribution of exchangeable, specifically adsorbed, organic, and oxide fractions of each metal; and mass balance of Cu, Ni, and Zn 17 yr after a single biosolids application. Biosolids were applied to 1.5- x 2.3-m confined plots of a Davidson clay loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudult) in 1984 at 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, and 210 Mg ha(-1). The highest biosolids application supplied 4.5, 750, 43, and 600 kg ha(-1) of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, respectively. Soils were sampled to a depth of 0.9 m and sectioned into 5-cm increments after separating the Ap horizon. Total (EPA-3050B), bioavailable (Mehlich-I), sequential extraction, and dispersible clay analyses were performed on samples from the control, 126 Mg ha(-1), and 210 Mg ha(-1) treatments. Trace metals are still concentrated in the top 0.2 m with slight enrichment down to 0.3 m. More than 85% of applied Cu, Ni, and Zn are still found in the topsoil where biosolids was incorporated and 95% or more of the applied metals were accounted for with mass balance calculations. Mehlich-I results showed a slight increase in metal concentration down to 0.35 m. Biosolids application increased the concentrations of trace metals in all the extracted fractions. The major portions of Cu, Zn, and Ni are associated with the metal-oxides fraction. Dispersible clay content and water-soluble metal contents were low and except for water-soluble Zn they were not affected by biosolids application. Results from this study showed that 17 yr after biosolids application there was negligible movement of trace metals through the soil profile and consequently there is little risk of contamination of ground water at this site.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and Distribution of Biosolids‐Derived Trace Metals in a Clay Loam Soil

et al. 2005

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“…HNO 3 , and 3 ml of conc. HCl were combined, microwave digested, filtered to 0.45 µm and diluted (Milward & Kluckner, 1989). Blank digestions and extractions utilized 0.6 g of pure silica sand, similarly ground and sieved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil selenium uptake and root system development in plant taxa differing in Se‐accumulating capability

et al. 2003

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Summary• Phytoremediation of Se-contaminated soils and sediments may be more feasible if accumulating taxa are identified that can extract the more refractory forms of Se.• In a glasshouse study, the capacity of six plant genotypes to take up labile and nonlabile soil Se was evaluated by amending five high-Se soils (2 -21 mg kg − 1 total Se) with carrier-free 75 Se, and cropping them with Astragalus bisulcatus , Astragalus canadensis , Brassica juncea , Sporobolus airoides , and two ecotypes of Stanleya pinnata .• The biologically labile pool of soil Se ( L -value) was computed from the isotopic signature of the harvested shoots, and ranged from 2 to 37% of the total soil Se. The chemically labile pool ( E -value) was determined via extraction in 0.1 M KCl, and ranged from 4 to 73% of total soil Se. None of the plants tested yielded L -values that were consistently greater than the E -values, suggesting that all plants, including Se hyperaccumulators, access the same labile pools of Se.• Root-growth experiments in rhizoboxes using Se-enriched soil were also performed. Although our observations were not as striking as those made for the Zn(Cd)-accumulator Thlaspi caerulescens , the tendency for roots of some Seaccumulators to proliferate in soil where Se is present deserves further investigation.

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“…Plant material was microwave‐digested by first combining 250 mg plant material, 1 ml deionized H 2 O, 2 ml 30% (v/v) H 2 O 2 , and 2 ml concentrated HNO 3 (Sah & Miller, 1992). Soil digests consisted of 300 mg pulverized soil, 4.5 ml concentrated HNO 3 , 1.5 ml HCl, and 1 ml deionized H 2 O (Milward & Kluckner, 1989). Digestions were carried out in 110‐ml Teflon‐lined vessels, and heated for 20 min at 570 W in a microwave oven.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotypic variation in selenium accumulation among populations of Stanleya pinnata

2001

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Summary• Ecotypic variation in selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation in plants is reported here among populations of Stanleya pinnata (Brassicaceae), which has a broad biogeographical range in the western USA.• In a glasshouse study, Se and sulfur accumulation were examined in 16 populations of S. pinnata. Plants grown from seed (collected from sites representing the species range) were subjected to five treatments differing in selenate (SeO 4 2 − ) and• The populations differed in shoot Se concentration by 1.4-to 3.6-fold, depending on the treatment, and these concentrations were positively correlated with the indigenous soil Se levels at the collection sites. Shoot S concentrations varied by less than two-fold, and did not correlate with the shoot Se levels. All populations accumulated SeO 4 2 − preferentially over SO 4 2 − . By contrast, Brassica juncea seedlings grown in a similar solution series consistently accumulated SO 4 2 − preferentially over SeO 4 2 − . Biomass production differed up to three-fold between populations.• S. pinnata is a primary Se accumulator, but populations exhibit significant ecotypic differences in Se accumulation. Environmental concerns about Se are common, and the broad adaptation of S. pinnata makes it an attractive candidate for phytoremediation.

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Microwave digestion technique for the extraction of minerals from environmental marine sediments for analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Recovery and Distribution of Biosolids‐Derived Trace Metals in a Clay Loam Soil

Recovery and Distribution of Biosolids‐Derived Trace Metals in a Clay Loam Soil

Soil selenium uptake and root system development in plant taxa differing in Se‐accumulating capability

Ecotypic variation in selenium accumulation among populations of Stanleya pinnata

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