Microwave effects on the nervous system

D'Andrea, John A.; Chou, Chung‐Kwang; Johnston, S. T.; Adair, E. R.

doi:10.1002/bem.10179

Cited by 117 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 217 publications

(286 reference statements)

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“…Although most of the published papers on the biological effects of drugs in combination with RF exposure have been discussed elsewhere [D'Andrea et al, 2003;Adair and Black, 2003], a few papers with behavioral end points should be mentioned here. found that the increase in rat response rate on a fixed interval schedule produced by chlordiazepoxide was potentiated by exposure to 2450 MHz microwaves (1 mW/cm 2 ) even though the microwaves alone did not alter the trained behavior.…”

Section: Psychoactive Drug/microwave Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

D'Andrea

Adair

Lorge³

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This paper presents an overview of the recent behavioral literature concerning microwave exposure and discusses behavioral effects that have supported past exposure standards. Other effects, which are based on lower levels of exposure, are discussed as well, relative to setting exposure standards. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the ways in which behavioral end points are investigated in the laboratory, together with some of the methodological considerations pertinent to such studies when radio frequency (RF) exposure is involved. It has been pointed out by several sources that exposure to RF radiation can lead to changes in the behavior of humans and laboratory animals that can range from the perceptions of warmth and sound to lethal body temperatures. Behavior of laboratory animals can be perturbed and, under certain other conditions, animals will escape and subsequently avoid RF fields; but they will also work to obtain a burst of RF energy when they are cold. Reports of change of cognitive function (memory and learning) in humans and laboratory animals are in the scientific literature. Mostly, these are thermally mediated effects, but other low level effects are not so easily explained by thermal mechanisms. The phenomenon of behavioral disruption by microwave exposure, an operationally defined rate decrease (or rate increase), has served as the basis for human exposure guidelines since the early 1980s and still appears to be a very sensitive RF bioeffect. Nearly all evidence relates this phenomenon to the generation of heat in the tissues and reinforces the conclusion that behavioral changes observed in RF exposed animals are thermally mediated. Such behavioral alteration has been demonstrated in a variety of animal species and under several different conditions of RF exposure. Thermally based effects can clearly be hazardous to the organism and continue to be the best predictor of hazard for homosapiens. Nevertheless, similar research with man has not been conducted. Although some studies on human perception of RF exist, these should be expandedto include a variety of RF parameters.

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Section: Psychoactive Drug/microwave Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

D'Andrea

Adair

Lorge³

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…The involvement of the nervous system in biological responses to RF-EMF is an extensively studied field [5,6] and lately, the implication of the peripheral nervous system in response to MMW has been highlighted, especially concerning modulation of the pain sensation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 60-GHz millimeter waves on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells using high-content screening

Haas

Page

Sauleau

et al. 2016

Neuroscience Letters

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Highlights: 60 GHz MMW do not impact neuronal tubulin expression during PC12 differentiation. Exposure at 10 mW/cm² induces a slight increase in neurite outgrowth due to the thermal effect. The thermal effect impacts all parameters of the neurite outgrowth. AbstractTechnologies for wireless telecommunication systems using millimeter waves (MMW) will be widely deployed in the near future. Forthcoming applications in this band, especially around 60 GHz, are mainly developed for high data-rate local and body-centric telecommunications. At those frequencies, electromagnetic radiations have a very shallow penetration into biological tissues, making skin keratinocytes, and free nerve endings of the upper dermis the main targets of MMW. Only a few studies assessed the impact of MMW on neuronal cells, and none of them investigated a possible effect on neuronal differentiation.We used a neuron-like cell line (PC12), which undergoes neuronal differentiation when treated with the neuronal growth factor (NGF). PC12 cells were exposed at 60.4 GHz for 24 h, at an incident power density averaged over the cell monolayer of 10 mW/cm². Using a large scale cell-by-cell analysis based on high-content screening microscopy approach, we assessed potential effects of MMW on PC12 neurite outgrowth and cytoskeleton protein expression. No differences were found in protein expression of the neuronal marker β3-Tubulin nor in internal expression control β-Tubulin. On the other hand, our data showed a slight increase, although insignificant, in neurite outgrowth, induced by MMW exposure.However, experimental controls demonstrated that this increase was related to heating.Abbreviations: MMW (millimeter waves), HC (heat control).

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“…2,9 D´Andrea et al (2003) 14 have reviewed studies about the possible non-thermal effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on the electrical activity of the central nervous system (CNS). Results are controversial; some studies have found no electroencephalographic changes, while other have reported alterations in alpha and beta waves in humans, and delta waves in rats.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Radiofrequency/microwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results are controversial; some studies have found no electroencephalographic changes, while other have reported alterations in alpha and beta waves in humans, and delta waves in rats. 14 …”

Section: Biological Effects Of Radiofrequency/microwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telefones celulares: influência nos sistemas auditivo e vestibular

Balbani

Montovani

2008

Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol.

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Tel ecommunications systems emit radiofrequency, which is an invisible electromagnetic radiation. Mobile phones operate with microwaves (450900 MHz in the analog service, and 1,82,2 GHz in the digital service) very close to the user's ear. The skin, inner ear, cochlear nerve and the temporal lobe surface absorb the radiofrequency energy. Aim: literature review on the influence of cellular phones on hearing and balance. Study design: systematic review. Methods: We reviewed papers on the influence of mobile phones on auditory and vestibular systems from Lilacs and Medline databases, published from 2000 to 2005, and also materials available in the Internet. Results: Studies concerning mobile phone radiation and risk of developing an acoustic neuroma have controversial results. Some authors did not see evidences of a higher risk of tumor development in mobile phone users, while others report that usage of analog cellular phones for ten or more years increase the risk of developing the tumor. Acute exposure to mobile phone microwaves do not influence the cochlear outer hair cells function in vivo and in vitro, the cochlear nerve electrical properties nor the vestibular system physiology in humans. Analog hearing aids are more susceptible to the electromagnetic interference caused by digital mobile phones. Conclusion: there is no evidence of cochleo-vestibular lesion caused by cellular phones

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Microwave effects on the nervous system

Cited by 117 publications

References 217 publications

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

Effects of 60-GHz millimeter waves on neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells using high-content screening

Telefones celulares: influência nos sistemas auditivo e vestibular

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