With the rapid development of society, supercapacitors have been widely studied in energy storage devices for their unique advantages of high energy density, good cycle stability, fast charge and discharge speed. However, the development of supercapacitors is limited by low energy density. To address this challenge, it is important to develop and prepare electrode materials with excellent electrochemical properties for supercapacitors. To improve the energy density of supercapacitors, nickel-cobalt electrode materials have been widely studied due to their advantages of high energy density, high safety and long life. In this review, the research progress in material morphology and microstructure of supercapacitors prepared from nickel-cobalt metal oxides/hydroxides, sulfides, selenides and phosphates in recent years is summarized and prospected.