Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation spanning 18 octaves using step-index indium fluoride fiber pumped by a femtosecond fiber laser near 2 µm

Salem, Reza; Jiang, Zhuo; Liu, Dongfeng; Pafchek, R.; Gardner, David L.; Foy, Paul; Saad, Mohammed; Jenkins, D.W.; Cable, Alex; Fendel, Peter

doi:10.1364/oe.23.030592

Cited by 74 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The pump source (Thorlabs FSL1950) provides 100 fs long pulses at 2.14 µm center wavelength, 50 MHz repetition rate, and 580 mW average power. The pump output is coupled into the SC-generating fiber that produces light with wavelengths spanning from 1.25 µm to 4.5 µm with a pulse duration in the femtosecond regime [27]. The light is transmitted through band-pass filters to select the desired part of the spectrum to be incident on the detector.…”

Section: Infrared Impulse Response Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared time-resolved photoconduction in black phosphorus

et al. 2016

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Black phosphorus has attracted interest as a material for use in optoelectronic devices due to many favorable properties such as a high carrier mobility, field-effect, and a direct bandgap that can range from 0.3 eV in its bulk crystalline form to 2 eV for a single atomic layer. The low bandgap energy for bulk black phosphorus allows for direct transition photoabsorption that enables detection of light out to mid-infrared frequencies. In this work we characterize the room temperature optical response of a black phosphorus photoconductive detector at wavelengths ranging from 1.56 µm to 3.75 µm. Pulsed autocorrelation measurements in the near-infrared regime reveal a strong, sub-linear photocurrent nonlinearity with a response time of 1 ns, indicating that gigahertz electrical bandwidth is feasible. Time resolved photoconduction measurements covering near-and mid-infrared frequencies show a fast 65 ps rise time, followed by a carrier relaxation with a time scale that matches the intrinsic limit determined by autocorrelation. The sublinear photoresponse is shown to be caused by a reduction in the carrier relaxation time as more energy is absorbed in the black phosphorus flake and is well described by a carrier recombination model that is nonlinear with excess carrier density. The device exhibits a measured noise-equivalent power of 530 pW·Hz −1/2 which is the expected value for Johnson noise limited performance. The fast and sensitive room temperature photoresponse demonstrates that black phosphorus is a promising new material for mid-infrared optoelectronics.2

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Section: Infrared Impulse Response Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared time-resolved photoconduction in black phosphorus

et al. 2016

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“…A signal drop at ~4.2 μm corresponds to absorption by CO 2 molecules in the detection system. The 5-dB flatness of the spectral intensity, achieved with 8.3 μJ pump pulses, was maintained in the wavelength interval from 2 to 5 μm (a span of 3000 nm), which represents a significant advance compared with other reports on SC generation in fluoroindate fibres232425262728.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Later, in 2015, Salem et al . reported a 1.8-octave wide SC in a dispersion- engineered fluoroindate fibre27. By pumping a 7-μm core InF 3 fibre with a ZDW of 1.9 μm with 100 fs pulses at ~2 μm, they demonstrated a SC spectrum spanning from 1.25 to 4.6 μm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared, super-flat, supercontinuum generation covering the 2–5 μm spectral band using a fluoroindate fibre pumped with picosecond pulses

Michalska

Mikołajczyk

Wojtas

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Broadband, mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a step-index fluoroindate fibre is reported. By using ~70-picosecond laser pulses at 2.02 μm, provided by an optical parametric generator, a wide spectrum with a cut-off wavelength at 5.25 μm and a 5-dB bandwidth covering the entire 2–5 μm spectral interval has been demonstrated for the first time. The behaviour of the supercontinuum was investigated by changing the peak power and the wavelength of the pump pulses. This allowed the optimal pumping conditions to be determined for the nonlinear medium that was used. The optical damage threshold for the fluoroindate fibre was experimentally found to be ~200 GW/cm2.

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“…One further important advantage that laser-based sources can offer is the ability lock the carrier envelope offset of the pulse. Considering that the long wavelength DFG spectrum is intrinsically waveform-stable, and both PCF [44] and fluoride fiber [33] broadening should preserve the coherence of the multi-octave output, it is conceivable that such a multi-channel synthesis could produce high-repetition rate sub-cycle transients [60]. For example, the full spectrum in figure 7 supports an ∼5 fs Fourier transform limited pulse duration at a center frequency of 137 THz (7 fs period).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCG in photonic crystal fibers (PCF) was first shown in the late 90 s as an efficient way to broaden the spectral coverage of an input femtosecond pulse [31]. Since then, SCG has been demonstrated in a wide range of waveguide materials such as silica [32], fluoride glass [33], ZBLAN [34], and silicon nitride [35], as well as different waveguide geometries, including step index fibers, PCF, tapered and planar waveguides. In order to access the longer wavelength fingerprint region, more traditional nonlinear parametric processes can be employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-octave spanning, Watt-level ultrafast mid-infrared source

Butler

Lilienfein

et al. 2019

J. Phys. Photonics

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We present a source of brilliant mid-infrared radiation, seamlessly covering the wavelength range between 1.33 and 18 μm (7500-555 cm −1 ) with three channels, employing broadband nonlinear conversion processes driven by the output of a thulium-fiber laser system. The high-average-power femtosecond frontend delivers a 50 MHz train of 250 fs pulses spectrally centered at 1.96 μm. The three parallel channels employ soliton self-compression in a fused-silica fiber, supercontinuum generation in a ZBLAN fiber, and difference-frequency generation in GaSe driven by soliton selfcompressed pulses. The total output enables spectral coverage from 1.33 to 2.4 μm, from 2.4 to 5.2 μm, and from 5.2 to 18 μm with 4.5 W, 0.22 W and 0.5 W, respectively. This spatially coherent source with a footprint of less than 4 m 2 exceeds the brilliance of 3rd-generation synchrotrons by more than three orders of magnitude over 90% of the bandwidth.

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Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation spanning 18 octaves using step-index indium fluoride fiber pumped by a femtosecond fiber laser near 2 µm

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Mid-infrared time-resolved photoconduction in black phosphorus

Mid-infrared time-resolved photoconduction in black phosphorus

Mid-infrared, super-flat, supercontinuum generation covering the 2–5 μm spectral band using a fluoroindate fibre pumped with picosecond pulses

Multi-octave spanning, Watt-level ultrafast mid-infrared source

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