Mid1 affects ion transport, cell wall integrity, and host penetration of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum

Xie, Mushan; Zhou, Xuan; Xia, Yuxian; Cao, Yueqing

doi:10.1007/s00253-018-09589-8

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similarly, in the foliar rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, appressorium formation is triggered by hard-surface contact and plantderived signals such as leaf waxes and cutin [52]. In M. robertsii, M. acridum and the plant pathogen Uromyces, mechanosensitive ion channels respond to topographical information for thigmotropic growth and appressorium formation by transducing the membrane stress induced by host surface topography into an influx of ions such as Ca 2+ [53][54][55]. Ca 2+ /calmodulin and cyclic AMP signalling are required for appressoria formation in M. robertsii after hard-surface contact primes the conidia to germinate and differentiate [56].…”

Section: The Process Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Metarhizium: jack of all trades, master of many

2020

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The genus Metarhizium and Pochonia chlamydosporia comprise a monophyletic clade of highly abundant globally distributed fungi that can transition between long-term beneficial associations with plants to transitory pathogenic associations with frequently encountered protozoans, nematodes or insects. Some very common ‘specialist generalist’ species are adapted to particular soil and plant ecologies, but can overpower a wide spectrum of insects with numerous enzymes and toxins that result from extensive gene duplications made possible by loss of meiosis and associated genome defence mechanisms. These species use parasexuality instead of sex to combine beneficial mutations from separate clonal individuals into one genome (Vicar of Bray dynamics). More weakly endophytic species which kill a narrow range of insects retain sexuality to facilitate host–pathogen coevolution (Red Queen dynamics). Metarhizium species can fit into numerous environments because they are very flexible at the genetic, physiological and ecological levels, providing tractable models to address how new mechanisms for econutritional heterogeneity, host switching and virulence are acquired and relate to diverse sexual life histories and speciation. Many new molecules and functions have been discovered that underpin Metarhizium associations, and have furthered our understanding of the crucial ecology of these fungi in multiple habitats.

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Section: The Process Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Metarhizium: jack of all trades, master of many

2020

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“…The chitin synthase MaChsIII , MaChsV and MaChsVII mutants reduce conidial hydrophobicity [ 24 ]. In addition, the chitin content and rodlets are significantly reduced in the knockout of MaCnA , MapacC and MripacC [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: The Early Phase Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Pathogen Interactions between Metarhizium spp. and Locusts

Xia

2022

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The progress in research on the interactions between Metarhizium spp. and locusts has improved our understanding of the interactions between fungal infection and host immunity. A general network of immune responses has been constructed, and the pathways regulating fungal pathogenicity have also been explored in depth. However, there have been no systematic surveys of interaction between Metarhizium spp. and locusts. The pathogenesis of Metarhizium comprises conidial attachment, germination, appressorial formation, and colonization in the body cavity of the host locusts. Meanwhile, the locust resists fungal infection through humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we summarize the crucial pathways that regulate the pathogenesis of Metarhizium and host immune defense. Conidial hydrophobicity is mainly affected by the contents of hydrophobins and chitin. Appressorial formation is regulated by the pathways of MAPKs, cAMP/PKA, and Ca2+/calmodulin. Lipid droplets degradation and secreted enzymes contributed to fungal penetration. The humoral response of locust is coordinated by the Toll pathway and the ecdysone. The regulatory mechanism of hemocyte differentiation and migration is elusive. In addition, behavioral fever and density-dependent population immunity have an impact on the resistance of hosts against fungal infection. This review depicts a prospect to help us understand host–pathogen interactions and provides a foundation for the engineering of entomopathogenic fungi and the discovery of insecticidal targets to control insect pests.

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The evolution of complex Metarhizium-insect-plant interactions

St. Leger

2024

Fungal Biology

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Mid1 affects ion transport, cell wall integrity, and host penetration of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Metarhizium: jack of all trades, master of many

Metarhizium: jack of all trades, master of many

Host–Pathogen Interactions between Metarhizium spp. and Locusts

The evolution of complex Metarhizium-insect-plant interactions

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