Middle ear malformations in identical twins

Reporting and Description for Congenital Middle Ear Malformations to Facilitate Surgical Management

“…In the present study, our retrospective analysis identified 5 type Ia patients with the missing long process of the incus and poor incudostapedial articulation. A literature search identified 113 type Ia patients (Table 3), which included fixation of the head of the malleus and the body of the incus, synostosis of the malleoincudal articulation, missing long process of the incus, synostosis of the incudostapedial articulation, 14 isolated lenticular process, 16 ossification of the stapedius tendon, 8 and cord-like ankylosis between the stapes suprastructure and adjacent tissues. 7,17 Park and Choung 1 classified these abnormalities as an isolated type, with detailed descriptions of these lesions.…”

“…Table 3 lists the detailed ossicular chain reconstruction of type Ia (113 cases) in the articles. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The percentages of patients with deformities in the stapes suprastructure, incus, and malleus were 50.9%, 48.0%, and 18.3%, respectively. Aberrant facial nerves were found in 14 type II patients and 129 type III patients.…”

“…In the present study, our retrospective analysis identified 5 type Ia patients with the missing long process of the incus and poor incudostapedial articulation. A literature search identified 113 type Ia patients (Table 3), which included fixation of the head of the malleus and the body of the incus, synostosis of the malleoincudal articulation, missing long Autogenous incus (30 cases): 1 case, 8 3 cases, 10 6 cases, 14 1 case, 15 19 cases 13 Autogenous (14 cases): 3 cases, 16 5 cases, 13 6 cases 12 Cartilage (5 cases): 5 cases 10 Teflon PORP (9 cases): 2 cases, 6 4 cases, 10 2 cases, 17 1 case 18 Others 9 Teflon TORP (5 cases) (silastic banding) 6 Teflon piston (1 case) 6 Modify cause prosthesis (2 cases) 19 ISJ prosthesis and hydroxyapatite bone cement (1 case) 20 Abbreviations: ISJ, incudostapedial joint; PORP, partial ossicular replacement prosthesis; TORP, total ossicular replacement prosthesis.…”

“…process of the incus, synostosis of the incudostapedial articulation, 14 isolated lenticular process, 16 ossification of the stapedius tendon, 8 and cord-like ankylosis between the stapes suprastructure and adjacent tissues. 7,17 Park and Choung 1 classified these abnormalities as an isolated type, with detailed descriptions of these lesions.…”