Middle Pliocene vegetation: reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climate modeling

Thompson, Robert S.; Fleming, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/0377-8398(95)00051-8

Cited by 122 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The PRISM3D topography (Fig. 1b) reconstructed by palaeobotanical and palaeoelevation evidences represents that the East African Rift Valley was 500 m higher in mPWP relative to the present value (Thompson and Fleming, 1996;Dowsett et al, 1999;Sohl et al, 2009). In contrast, the western cordilleras of the North America and the northern South America were lower than the present day.…”

Section: Dataset For Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In contrast, the western cordilleras of the North America and the northern South America were lower than the present day. Stable isotopic, stratigraphic sea level records and pollen data on the land reveal significant reduction of the continental ice sheet on Greenland and Antarctica ( Thompson and Fleming, 1996;Dowsett et al, 1999). The land ice extent over Greenland was reduced by half (Dowsett et al, 1999), with the ice restricted to the high-altitude regions of East Greenland.…”

Section: Dataset For Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-Pliocene global climate simulation with MRI-CGCM2.3: set-up and initial results of PlioMIP Experiments 1 and 2

Kamae

Ueda

2012

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. The mid-Pliocene (3.3 to 3.0 million yr ago), a globally warm period before the Quaternary, is recently attracting attention as a new target for paleoclimate modelling and data-model synthesis. This paper reports setups and results of experiments proposed in Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) using a global climate model, MRI-CGCM2.3. We conducted pre-industrial and mid-Pliocene runs by using the coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) and its atmospheric component (AGCM) for the PlioMIP Experiments 2 and 1, respectively. In addition, we conducted two types of integrations in AOGCM simulation, with and without flux adjustments on sea surface. General characteristics of differences in the simulated mid-Pliocene climate relative to the preindustrial in the three integrations are compared. In addition, patterns of predicted mid-Pliocene biomes resulting from the three climate simulations are compared in this study. Generally, difference of simulated surface climate between AGCM and AOGCM is larger than that between the two AOGCM runs, with and without flux adjustments. The simulated climate shows different pattern between AGCM and AOGCM particularly over low latitude oceans, subtropical land regions and high latitude oceans. The AOGCM simulations do not reproduce wetter environment in the subtropics relative to the present-day, which is suggested by terrestrial proxy data. The differences between the two types of AOGCM runs are small over the land, but evident over the ocean particularly in the North Atlantic and polar regions.

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Section: Dataset For Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Dataset For Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Pliocene global climate simulation with MRI-CGCM2.3: set-up and initial results of PlioMIP Experiments 1 and 2

Kamae

Ueda

2012

Geosci. Model Dev.

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“…The major part of Eurasia was then covered by deciduous forest, which corresponds approximately to the habitat of the C. suaveolens group. Coniferous forests were situated where the tundra and arctic desert are found at present (Haywood et al, 2002;Thompson and Fleming, 1996). Probably, C. suaveolens was then continuously distributed in Eurasia, from the Atlantic to the PaciWc coast, more to the north than today.…”

Section: Barriers Refugia and Colonisation Routes In Eurasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pliocene and Pleistocene diversification and multiple refugia in a Eurasian shrew (Crocidura suaveolens group)

Dubey

Zaitsev

Cosson

et al. 2006

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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We sequenced 998 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 799 bp of nuclear gene BRCA1 in the Lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens group) over its geographic range from Portugal to Japan. The aims of the study were to identify the main clades within the group and respective refugia resulting from Pleistocene glaciations. Analyses revealed the Asian lesser white-toothed shrew (C. shantungensis) as the basal clade, followed by a major branch of C. suaveolens, subdivided sensu stricto into six clades, which split-up in the Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene (1.9-0.9 Myr). The largest clade, occurring over a huge range from east Europe to Mongolia, shows evidence of population expansion after a bottleneck. West European clades originated from Iberian and Italo-Balkanic refugia. In the Near East, three clades evolved in an apparent hotspot of refugia (west Turkey, south-west and south-east of the Caucasus). Most clades include specimens of diVerent morphotypes and the validity of many taxa in the C. suaveolens group has to be re-evaluated. 

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“…The mPWP has often been described as a relatively stable warm period with only minor temporal variations in climate and vegetation distribution (see, e.g., Willard, 1994;Thompson and Fleming, 1996). Up to the present, high-resolution vegetation records with a robust age control are missing for the surroundings of the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, and it is unclear whether the available palaeoclimate records represent the full variability or peak warm phases of the Piacenzian only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Little is known about the terrestrial response of high-latitude Scandinavian vegetation to the warmerthan-present climate of the late Pliocene (Piacenzian, 3.60-2.58 Ma). In order to assess Piacenzian terrestrial climate variability, we present the first high-resolution reconstruction of vegetation and climate change in northern Norway between 3.6 and 3.14 Ma. The reconstructions are derived from pollen assemblages in the marine sediments of ODP Hole 642B, Norwegian Sea (67 • N). The palynological assemblages provide a unique record of latitudinal and altitudinal shifting of the forest boundaries, with vegetation alternating between cool temperate forest during warmerthan-present intervals and boreal forest similar to today during cooler intervals. The northern boundary of the nemoral to boreonemoral forest zone was displaced at least 4-8 • further north, and warmest-month temperatures were 6-14.5 • C higher than at present during warm phases. Warm climatic conditions persisted during the earliest Piacenzian (ca. 3.6-3.47 Ma) with diverse cool temperate nemoral to boreonemoral forests growing in the lowlands of the Scandinavian mountains. A distinct cooling event at ca. 3.47 Ma resulted in a southward shift of vegetation zones, leading to the predominance of boreal forest and the development of open, low alpine environments. The cooling culminated around 3.3 Ma, coinciding with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2. Warmer climate conditions returned after ca. 3.29 Ma, with higher climate variability indicated by the repeated expansion of forests and peatlands during warmer and cooler periods, respectively. Climate progressively cooled after 3.18 Ma, resembling climatic conditions during MIS M2. A high variability of Norwegian vegetation and climate changes during the Piacenzian is superimposed on a long-term cooling trend. This cooling was accompanied by an expansion of Sphagnum peatlands that potentially contributed to the decline in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at the end of the Piacenzian warm period and facilitated ice growth through positive vegetation-snow albedo feedbacks. Correlations with other Northern Hemisphere vegetation records suggest hemisphere-wide effects of climate cooling.

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Middle Pliocene vegetation: reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climate modeling

Cited by 122 publications

References 68 publications

Mid-Pliocene global climate simulation with MRI-CGCM2.3: set-up and initial results of PlioMIP Experiments 1 and 2

Mid-Pliocene global climate simulation with MRI-CGCM2.3: set-up and initial results of PlioMIP Experiments 1 and 2

Pliocene and Pleistocene diversification and multiple refugia in a Eurasian shrew (Crocidura suaveolens group)

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

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