Midline upper lip sinus: a case report and review of literature

Abstract

Upper lip sinus formations are rare developmental events, and the pathogenesis of these lesions still needs further evaluation.

Congenital midline sinus of the upper lip: A case report and review of literature

“… Anicete, 2014 [ 20 ] 2 F Singapore Whitish discharge Sinus 19. Bakshi, 2015 [ 21 ] 10 F India Recurrent swelling and pus discharge Sinus None 20. Hili, 2016 [ 22 ] 7 F UK Asymptomatic Sinus None 21.…”

Ultrasound Evaluation of Dermal Sinuses/Fistulas in Pediatric Patients

“…Perioral sinuses are very rare, with a prevalence of 0.001% for lower lip sinuses . A midline sinus of the upper lip is extremely rare and infrequently reported in the literature . The skin orifice is often located in the midline of the upper lip (Figure ).…”

“…The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to cosmetic concerns, recurrent infections, or a discharge …”

“…The invagination theory proposes that upper lip sinuses are formed by failure of ectodermal invagination of the nasal placodes during the frontonasal process . In the merging theory, the formation of an upper lip fistula is explained by the paucity of mesenchymal cell volume; these mesenchymal cells give rise to swellings and furrows on the developing face, and the paucity of these cells may lead to formation of an upper lip fistula . Third, failure in the forward growth of the frontonasal process or failure in the complete fusion between the maxillary and frontal processes could explain the formation of a lateral fistula but not a median fistula in the upper lip .…”

“…However, to evaluate a cleft lip, CT may be needed. Excision of the sinus tract has been associated with optimal results regarding recurrence and symptoms …”